Figure 2

Plasma PEDF levels during a major depressive episode and following ECT. Validation studies show plasma PEDF is greater in depressed patients (n=57) compared with the healthy control participants (n=43) and is increased following ECT. Data are expressed as mean log10 ng ml−1±s.e.m. *P<0.05 versus healthy controls (unpaired t-test), +P<0.05 pre-ECT versus post-ECT-depressed patients (paired t-test). ECT, electroconvulsive therapy; PEDF, pigment epithelium-derived factor.