Research articles

Layers of absorbing aerosols above low-level marine clouds are found to induce long-wave warming counteracting the mean radiative cooling of the clouds, according to a study combining satellite-derived data with radiative transfer simulations.

The Arabian Sea and eastern tropical Pacific oxygen minimum zones were better oxygenated during the warm Miocene, but with regional complexities, according to analysis of trace elements and nitrogen isotopes in planktonic foraminifera.

Increased ocean acidification could accelerate the decay of underwater historical stone materials, posing a threat to cultural heritage, according to combined field and laboratory experimentation on stone samples.

Yardang development in the Qaidam Basin of China commenced around 0.8 million years ago, starting in the northwest and gradually expanding southeast, correlating with significant growth of the Northern Hemisphere ice-sheet, according to electron spin resonance and optically stimulated luminescence dating analysis.

Naturally mummified cheetah remains in a Saudi Arabian cave system with radiocarbon-calibrated ages between about 4,200 and 100 years cluster with Asian as well as West-African sub-species, with implications for rewilding efforts, suggests a genomic analysis of the remains.

A high-resolution estimate finds about 300,000 cubic kilometers of accessible groundwater across North America, which reduces uncertainty in freshwater distribution and bridges gaps between remote sensing and field data.

Northern European countries experience uplift, while Mediterranean regions face subsidence, indicating regional disparities in land motion, according to remote sensing analysis.

Asian rice cultivation has remained within consistent thermal limits for 9000 years while areas in Asia’s rice-producing nations exceeding these thresholds could expand 10-30 times by 2100, as revealed by contemporary, archaeological, and climate projection data.

Substantial nitrogen fixation at sub-nanomolar molybdenum concentrations without alternative nitrogenases, with important implications for early Earth primary productivity, according to results from a ferruginous, low-sulfate, low-Mo, cyanobacteria-dominated lake.

Ecosystems accumulate carbon for several days after moisture pulses, but this benefit fades as soil dries and heat stress intensifies, according to an analysis that uses carbon flux-tower observations, Earth system models, machine learning, and satellite images.

Strong air-water coupling in Alaskan coastal freshwater ponds reveals their vulnerability to thermal stress from climate warming, indicating that northern subarctic wetlands and their biota will face significant thermal challenges in the future, according to statistical analysis of air and water temperatures in two subarctic wetland complexes in Alaska.

Extremely high levels of dust emissions can reduce the solar photovoltaic potential by up to 70%, according to a modeling analysis for a six day extreme dust event in China in March 2021.

Multi-trophic species in the Northern Barents Sea are highly vulnerable to climate-forced shifts, indicating ice-associated production and habitats degrade as temperature increases, as revealed by a data-driven biophysical model

The 1783 Laki eruption triggered Northern Eurasia tropospheric winter warming due to a persistent cold-season stratospheric aerosol cloud. Climate model simulations, accounting for the multi-episode nature of the eruption, were validated by observational reconstructions of the climate response.

The identification of a strong link between historical diurnal temperature range trends and future projections can be used to constrain regional climate projections with greater accuracy, according to a study based on reanalysis data and CMIP6 simulations.

Organic debris from organisms living in the ocean water column was used as substrate for microbes carrying out anaerobic respiration within the oldest known detrital sediments on Earth, according to isotopic and petrological analysis.

In the North Sea, large-scale offshore wind development could reduce current velocities by up to 20% and increase sea surface temperatures, according to ocean physics simulations of the North Sea.

Under high-emission scenarios by 2100, exceptional snow droughts will increase in frequency and duration, particularly affecting water-stressed areas such as Europe, western Asia, and central North America, according to a Cumulative Distribution Function-transform bias correction method.

Early regional sauropodomorph fossils from 200.17 Ma suggest post-Triassic mass extinction dinosaur colonization in low paleolatitudes, likely due to Central Atlantic Magmatic Province stressors and increased climate seasonality, according to chemostratigraphic and astrochronological analysis of a core from the Kunming Basin in China.

Thermal modelling and numerical calculations suggest that potentially eruptible magma is present at a depth of around 4 km beneath Campi Flegrei, but that the magma reservoir volume is currently smaller in comparison to the last eruption in 1538.