Research Highlights in 2021

In a phase 1/2 trial, an investigational gene therapy brought about sustained expression of clotting factor VIII and a dramatic reduction in the bleeding rate.

New equations to estimate kidney function enable accurate clinical assessment without the use of race as a modifier.

An anti-tick mRNA vaccine shows promise in guinea pigs, causing early detachment and reduced transmission of Lyme disease–causing pathogens.

Bifidobacterium species enriched in breastfed infants produce metabolites that strengthen infants’ gut barrier and immune systems.

A HPV vaccination program in England has almost completely eliminated cervical cancer in women who were vaccinated at the age of 12–13 years.

AI-based analysis reveals clusters of patients with distinct responses to β-blockers, which could help to personalize treatment and improve survival.

In normal epithelium, mutant clones compete with emerging tumors for space and survival, helping to curb early cancer development.

During androgen-deprivation therapy, certain bacteria in the gut can synthesize androgens, thereby promoting tumor progression and therapy resistance.

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the already substantial burden of depression and anxiety, with tens of millions of additional cases reported globally in 2020.

Under-reporting of fatal police violence is rife within the US government–run database — intervention strategies are urgently needed to quantify and address this public-health issue.

A study shows that monozygotic (‘identical’) twins can be identified by a distinct epigenetic signature, shedding light on a process that has been shrouded in mystery.

First-line whole-genome sequencing may lead to more-focused clinical management for infants with a suspected genetic disease.

A low dose of the mRNA-1273 vaccine against COVID-19 elicits an immune response comparable to that of natural infection in adults.

Replacing salt with a modified substitute has a beneficial impact on cardiovascular outcomes, according to a large, prospective trial.

Smartphone-based digital sensors enable frequent, personalized monitoring of symptoms and may facilitate scientific research as well as clinical care.

Certain gut microbes produce a protein called ‘SagA’, which enhances the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy in mice

Selective RET inhibition shows promising anti-tumor activity in patients with RET fusion–positive NSCLC.

A phase 1 trial involving controlled infection showed that CIS43LS was safe to use and effectively prevented infection with the malaria parasite.

Early clinical data for the bispecific antibody teclistamab are encouraging, and further studies are planned.

A study shows how fermented foods such as keffir and kimchi enhance microbiome diversity and reduce markers of inflammation.