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The demise of the Laurentide ice sheet during the early Holocene epoch allows rates of ice sheet decay under natural conditions to be assessed. Analysis of terrestrial and marine records of the deglaciation along with a climate model reveal two periods of rapid melting during the final retreat of this ice sheet, with rates of sea level rise of up to 1.3 cm per year.

Recent recession of the Larsen Ice Shelf C has revealed that microbial alteration of illite can occur within marine sediments, a process previously thought to only occur abiotically during low-grade metamorphism. Here, the authors show that such microbial alteration of illite could provide a potential source of Fe release to Southern Ocean waters during Holocene glacial cycles.

Prior studies mapping climatologically suitable areas for malaria transmission have used relatively simple thresholds for precipitation. Here the authors show that when models incorporate hydrological processes a more complex pattern of malaria suitability emerges in Africa and future shifts in suitability are more pronounced.

Christopher Walsh and colleagues used targeted high-throughput sequencing to identify mutations in WDR62 in human microcephaly. The authors report that WDR62 is a centrosomal protein.

The Younger Dryas cold period is thought to have occurred mainly due to the release of fresh water into the North Atlantic from the glacial Lake Agassiz. Here, sedimentary and geochemical data from the central Arctic Ocean support the hypothesis of a northward route drainage event from Lake Agassiz during the Younger Dryas.

A predictive descriptor to guide spinel catalyst design for Li–S batteries is still lacking. Here, authors use a series of metal chromites to investigate the effect of t2 orbital occupancy on the polysulfide conversion activity of spinel oxides, and reveal a volcano-shaped relationship between them.

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is increasingly used to train pathology foundation models. Here, the authors introduce a pathology benchmark set generated during standard clinical workflows that includes multiple cancer and disease types; then leverage it to assess the performance of multiple public SSL pathology foundation models and to provide best practices for model training and selection.

Previous hypotheses cannot fully explain the large lightning excess over land compared to ocean. It is found that coarse sea spray that create large drops precipitates cloud water before it can freeze, thus robbing the fuel for cloud electrification

Through mapping the gamma-ray flux in giant molecular clouds, it appears that low-energy cosmic rays hardly penetrate into dense, potentially star-forming, clumps. This finding implies a slower diffusion of cosmic rays in these clumps, possibly caused by higher levels of magnetic turbulence than anticipated.

Production of aromatic monoterpene molecules in hop flowers is affected by genetic, environmental, and processing factors. Here, the authors engineer brewer’s yeast for the production of linalool and geraniol, and show pilot-scale beer produced by engineered strains reconstitutes some qualities of hop flavor.

This Case Study describes a 54-year-old man who developed anarthria and quadriplegia in the context of a brainstem stroke. Normal performance on neuropsychological measures administered nonverbally and failure to activate auditory cortices on functional MRI led to a diagnosis of locked-in-syndrome complicated by central deafness.

During the Last Glacial Maximum, the deep Northwest Atlantic was only about 2 °C colder than today, suggesting sustained production of relatively warm North Atlantic Deep Water during the Last Glacial Maximum.

An international drilling programme that explored offshore from the Tahiti reef establishes that an episode of rapid sea-level rise, meltwater pulse 1A, occurred between 14,650 and 14,310 years ago, and that the rise in sea level was probably between 14 and 18 metres.

TREM2 is an important AD risk factor playing essential roles in the microglial response to amyloid pathology. Here, authors show using a TREM2 reporter mouse that TREM2 levels are critical for efficacy of TREM2 agonism informing current clinical efforts.

All-solid-state batteries face complex chemo-mechanical degradation. Here, authors reveal how interfacial chemical reactions in Ni-rich oxides govern reaction dynamics and microstructural changes and unveil that coatings enhance uniformity and durability.

Bacterial type III secretion systems (T3SS) improve the delivery of vaccine antigens and antigen-specific immune responses but require the use of live vaccines. Carleton et al. report the assembly of a functional T3SS in replication-incompetent bacterial minicells that can deliver vaccine antigens in vitro and in vivo.

The POU homeodomain transcription factor Pit1 is required for pituitary development; here Pit1-occupied enhancers are shown to interact with the nuclear architecture components matrin-3 and Satb1, and this association is required for activation of Pit1-regulated enhancers and coding target genes.

A post hoc analysis of a multicentre, randomised trial showed that prediabetes remission is possible without total weight loss—providing weight is distributed to subcutaneous deposits as opposed to visceral ones.

Antarctic Bottom Water progressively filled more of the deep Southern Ocean through the last deglaciation, potentially contributing to the increase in atmospheric CO₂, according to neodymium isotope records from the Weddell–Enderby Basin.

Gomez et al. show that boosting angiotensin-converting enzyme expression in microglia promotes phagocytic clearance of Aβ and endolysosomal trafficking, driven by spleen tyrosine kinase signaling in the 5xFAD transgenic model of Alzheimer’s disease.

Arc-shaped scours, sandwaves and channels on the Hudson Bay seafloor suggest that the catastrophic drainage of lake Agassiz–Ojibway occurred as a subglacial flood beneath the Laurentide Ice Sheet, which covered northern North America.

High fidelity benthic foraminifera oxygen isotope records reveal that variations in Earth’s orbit are the primary pacemaker of change in early Antarctic ice ages and caused these ice ages to sometimes end abruptly.

Droplet dynamics on lubricated surfaces differ fundamentally from those on dry surfaces due to the formation of a wetting ridge around the droplet. By combining confocal microscopy and lattice Boltzmann simulations, the authors elucidate how the wetting ridge geometry evolves with speed and create heatmaps to reveal where energy is dissipated during motion.

The management of chronic anal fissure has received renewed interest and has been re-evaluated over the past 20 years. The use of botulinum toxin seems to be a promising and safe approach, particularly in patients at high risk for incontinence. A recent meta-analysis investigated the efficacy of botulinum toxin injection compared with lateral internal sphincterotomy for the management of this condition.

The authors present a public collection of 117 bacterial isolates from the pig gut, including the description of 38 novel taxa. Interesting functions discovered in these organisms include a new fucosyltransferease and sactipeptide-like molecules encoded by biosynthetic gene clusters.

Widespread, temporary wetlands in the American Midwest were likely a major cause of methane emission peaks during the last deglaciation, according to an analysis of regional pollen records combined with hydrological modelling.