The WHO recommends voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) throughout East and Southern Africa, in order to reduce heterosexual HIV acquisition. In this Review, Tobian et al. consider how evidence has informed policy in this field and describe the conventional surgical procedures available. They also discuss new devices that might help to accelerate the scale-up of adult VMMC in these regions, and note the features that would be present in the 'ideal' device.
- Aaron A. R. Tobian
- Tigistu Adamu
- Emmanuel Njeuhmeli