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The predominant threats to pollinators vary across locations, as do perceptions of the consequences of pollinator loss. Here, the authors use formal expert elicitation methods to identify how pollination conservation experts rank the various drivers of pollinator decline and the range of risks to humans if pollination activity is lost.

Replication forks that are stalled at obstacles on the DNA template can be restarted by homologous recombination. Here, the authors show replication dynamics during homologous recombination-dependent replication fork restart by combining polymerase usage sequencing and a Monte Carlo mathematical model.

A multiomics approach is used to produce a spatiotemporal atlas of the human maternal–fetal interface in the first half of pregnancy, revealing relationships among gestational age, extravillous trophoblasts and spiral artery remodelling.

Carbon is a key support for metal-catalyzed acetylene hydrochlorination to vinyl chloride but its role remains elusive. Here, the authors, by means of operando spectroscopy, demonstrate the co-catalytic function of neighboring carbon and isolated metal atoms, constituting the active ensemble.

Three-dimensional simulations of massive star convection show that core-convection-driven gravity wave oscillations at the surface of the star are not the source of ‘red noise’ seen in photometric observations. The search for the source continues.

Zebrafish can regenerate after paralyzing spine injuries and regain locomotor ability, unlike mammals. Here authors show that the neurogenic factor Hb-egf promotes spinal cord regeneration in zebrafish and is regulated by an enhancer that can similarly direct expression in the pro-regenerative setting of neonatal mice.

High expression of Mcl-1 promotes tumorigenesis and resistance to anticancer therapies. Here they report a macrocyclic molecule with high selectivity and affinity for Mcl-1 that exhibits potent anti-tumor effects as single agent and in combination with bortezomib or venetoclax in preclinical models of multiple myeloma and acute myeloid leukemia.

JWST spectroscopy confirms redshifts for two very luminous galaxies with z > 11, and also demonstrates that another candidate with suggested z ≈ 16 instead has z = 4.9.

The authors reveal how the perception of optogenetic stimulation depends on the variability of background neural activity.

Examination of archaeological pottery residues and modern genes suggest that environmental conditions, subsistence economics and pathogen exposure may explain selection for lactase persistence better than prehistoric consumption of milk.

The exploitation of ecosystems has long-lasting consequences for the future provision of natural resources and ecosystem services. Here the author showed that the transition to sustainable harvest after a period of over-harvesting leads to a decline in welfare, economic growth, and in the discount rate.

Elastic anisotropy of liquid crystals elastomers is typically measured at low frequencies for the applications such as soft robotics, actuators, and origami. Here the authors study the elastic anisotropy of LCE using Brillouin light spectroscopy at gigahertz frequencies such as radio frequencies or 5 G cellular networks.

Transcription preinitiation complex assembly begins with the recognition of the gene promoter by the TATA-box Binding Protein-containing TFIID complex. Here the authors present a Cryo-EM structure of promoter-bound yeast TFIID complex, providing a detailed view of its subunit organization and promoter DNA contacts.

Exome-wide analysis identifies rare and low-frequency coding variants associated with body mass index. Gene-based meta-analysis and functional studies implicate 13 genes, eight of which are novel, and neuronal pathways as factors in human obesity.

Atomically thin sheets of graphite are metal-like conductors — until they react with hydrogen, when they become insulators. This curious effect could be an excellent model for studying metal–insulator transitions.

In cancer, global DNA methylation loss and CpG island hypermethylation are commonly observed. Here, in breast cancer the authors find that hyper-variability of partially methylated domains is the prime source of DNA methylation variation and that these domains fuel CpG island hypermethylation.

Laszlovszky et al. demonstrate the presence of two types of cholinergic neurons that differ in cellular physiology, coupling with cortical oscillations, synchrony within each group, behavior performance correlates and anatomical distribution.

Small, portable artworks have been missing from the archaeological record of the earliest Homo sapiens of Southeast Asia–Australasia. New excavations in Sulawesi have uncovered stone engravings of the natural world dating back to 26–14 ka.

ESCRT-III proteins assemble into ubiquitous membrane-remodeling polymers during many cellular processes. Here, the authors use cryo-ET, cryo-EM and mathematical modeling to reveal how the shape of the helical membrane tube arises from the assembly of two distinct bundles of helical filaments.

DNA polymerases epsilon and delta, respectively, perform the majority of leading and lagging strand replication of the eukaryotic nuclear genome. Here the authors map the ribonucleotide fingerprints of the polymerases to show the special roles of polymerase delta on both strands during replication initiation and termination.

Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by fear of gaining weight that can lead to serious complications. Here the authors show that inhibition of SIRT1 is protective against the onset and progression of anorectic behavior in an activity-based anorexia model, suggesting SIRT1 could be a potential therapeutic target.

In tumours aberrant epigenetic modifications can alter the transcriptional state. Here, the authors identify a common tumour-specific shift to transcriptional repression associated with DNA methylation and chromatin dysregulation at the transcription start site.

Aldosterone-producing zona glomerulosa cells in the adrenal gland arrange into rosette structures known to be important for morphogenesis. Here the authors show that the cells in the rosettes produce coordinated calcium activity bursts in response to angiotensin II that correlate with aldosterone production level.

The global warming slowdown has been attributed to the negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Modelling work simulates this negative phase in response to anthropogenic aerosols, indicating that external forcings may influence natural cycles.

An emergent randomness arising from partial measurement of an interacting many-body system is uncovered, and a widely applicable fidelity estimation scheme is presented that works at shorter evolution times and with reduced experimental complexity.

The authors investigate marine heatwaves on the ocean bottom in the shallow waters surrounding North America. Relative to their surface counterparts, bottom marine heatwaves are often more intense, more persistent, and can occur independently.

HIV infection results in the depletion of CD4⁺ T cells overtime and the loss of coordinated cellular immunity, but how this corresponds to the SIV infected African Green Monkey (AGM) model of non-progressive disease is not known. Here the authors assess the impact of experimental CD4⁺ T cell depletion in AGM and show that lack of disease progression and resistance to AIDS in this model are independent of CD4⁺ T cell loss.

In this work, the authors report that heparin oligosaccharides have a significant impact on the highly dynamic behaviour of netrin-1 by inducing hierarchical and distinct super assemblies leading to unique, yet unknown netrin-1 filament formation.

Genome-resolved metagenomics, biogeochemistry, modelling and culture-based analysis reveal that marine bacteria consume H₂ to support growth.

Through analyses of ancient and modern human genomes, the authors show that previously reported Holocene-era admixture has masked more than 50 historic hard sweeps in modern European genomes.

Stratigraphic, chronological, environmental and faunal context are provided to the newly discovered fossils of hominins that lived in the So’a Basin in Flores, Indonesia, 700,000 years ago; the stone tools recovered with the fossils are similar to those associated with the much younger Homo floresiensis from Flores, discovered in Liang Bua to the west.

The transcription co-activator complex SAGA is recruited to promoters by transcriptional activators and promotes the formation of the pre-initiation complex. Here, the authors present the cryo-EM structure of the SAGA complex and resolve the major target of activator binding, the 430 kDa Tra1 protein.

The performance of energy materials is affected by structural defects, as well as physicochemical heterogeneity over different length scales. Here the authors map nanoscale correlations between morphological and functional heterogeneity, quantifying the trap states limiting electronic transport in bismuth vanadate thin films.

Perception can be swayed by prior context. Here the authors report an auditory illusion in which sounds with ambiguous pitch shifts are perceived as shifting upward or downward based on the preceding contextual sounds, explore the neural correlates, and propose a probabilistic model based on temporal binding.

The genome of the grey short-tailed opossum Monodelphis domestica has been sequenced and analyzed, giving a first peek at a marsupial's genetic code. Of particular interest are the genetics of the immune system, which has been studied as a model for humans, and of the X chromosome for historical reasons.

An investigation of the structural and transport properties of bilayer graphene as a function of the twist angle between the layers reveals atomic-scale reconstruction for twist angles smaller than a critical value.

Cancer genetics has benefited from the advent of next generation sequencing, yet a comparison of sequencing and analysis techniques is lacking. Here, the authors sequence a normal-tumour pair and perform data analysis at multiple institutes and highlight some of the pitfalls associated with the different methods.

Chemical derivatives of graphene are typically disordered or corrugated, impairing attempts to utilize them in monolayer devices. Here, the authors show that chair-C₂F graphene is a stable material displaying long-range order, with functionalization on only one face in a given domain.

Incorporation of boron atoms into an aromatic carbon framework offers a wide variety of functionality. Here, the authors present boron-doped graphene nanoribbons by on-surface chemical reaction and characterize the structures and properties using scanning probe microscopy at the atomic-scale.

Conjugated polymers in thin films exhibit low fluorescence quantum yields, but the mechanism is still unclear. Here, Huet al. show the trade-off between charge transfer and emissive exciton states, whilst the former can be suppressed via dielectric-induced stabilization for large fluorescence quantum yields.

Single crystals of lead halide perovskites exhibit good optoelectronic properties. Here, the authors study and deduce the mechanism for crystallisation and show how controlling dissolution of colloids through varying the acidity and temperature can improve the quality of the single crystals.

When particle-laden drops evaporate, coffee ring patterns form which can affect particle deposition. Here Davidsonet al. show that unlike previously investigated drops, the flows in drying drops of liquid crystals are driven by an increase in surface tension due to liquid crystal concentration.

Microbial fatty acid-derived fuels represent promising alternatives to the traditionally used fossil fuels. Koffas and colleagues report that E. colicentral metabolism can be modified to produce large quantities of fatty acids through a modular pathway engineering strategy.

A genome-wide association study suggests 41 previously unreported loci on top of the 23 known loci that influence the disease risk for lumbar disc herniations. Many of these loci harbour genes implicated in disc structure and inflammation, as well as genes related to the nervous system and nerve function.