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Arranz and colleagues introduce a closure model for computational fluid dynamics. Their approach is implemented using artificial neural networks. It predicts multiple flow conditions, is directly applicable to complex geometries, and ensures consistency with numerical schemes.

The study of an iron-fertilized phytoplankton bloom dominated by diatoms, which takes up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, shows that a substantial proportion of the bloom eventually sinks to the deep-sea floor, sequestering the carbon for timescales of centuries or more.

Ocean sediment records suggest that the modern Antarctic Circumpolar Current did not exist before the late Miocene cooling, indicating its origin is linked to the expansion of the Antarctic Ice Sheet.

Each individual is unique and so is their brain activity. Using brain fingerprinting from functional MRI during anaesthesia, Luppi et al. find that human brains become temporarily more difficult to identify and tell apart when unconscious.

Interactions between meltwater flow and ice shelf basal channels are studied using a 3D boundary current model. Deep channels are found to significantly enhance channelized basal melting, meltwater channeling, and warming and salinization of channel flow.

The methods for detection of cause-effect interactions in complex systems face challenges in the presence of nonlinear dependencies or stochastic interactions. The authors propose a framework for decomposition of causality into redundant, unique, and synergistic contributions, providing a measure of the causality from multiple or hidden system variables.

The JWST MIRI transmission spectrum of WASP-107b, a transiting planet with Neptune-like mass and Jupiter-like radius, shows observations of sulfur dioxide and silicate clouds but no methane in its atmosphere, providing evidence of disequilibrium chemistry and active photochemistry.

Observations from the JWST MIRI showed the detection of ¹⁴NH₃ and ¹⁵NH₃ isotopologues in the atmosphere of a cool brown dwarf, along with a ¹⁴N/¹⁵N value consistent with star-like formation by gravitational collapse.

This study highlights that IFITM3 deficiency lowers the minimum infectious dose of influenza virus, enhances adaptation of influenza viruses to a new host species, and broadly increases infection of human cells by avian and swine influenza viruses.

The intrusion of relatively warm water is causing the recent rapid thinning of the Dotson ice shelf, West Antarctica. Here, the authors analyzed two-years of mooring data from the Dotson ice shelf front and found that seasonal variability of the ocean circulation and ocean surface stress are the main causes of variability in heat transport.

Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is a pore forming protein activated by inflammasome derived caspases. Here the authors characterize the function of GSDMD in mouse influenza virus infection and show that immunopathology is reduced in the absence of GSDMD and involves changes in neutrophil function.

This study synthesizes data from several published datasets to provide a global estimate of the impact of nitrification on oceanic new production.

Cognitive impairment is a feature of many psychiatric diseases. Here the authors aimed to identify multimodal neuromarkers that can be used to quantify and predict cognitive performance in individuals with schizophrenia using three different features of MRI and three independent cohorts.

Dynamical analysis of resting-state fMRI networks reveals a consistent increase in structure-function correlation and entropy decrease upon both general anesthesia-induced and deep sleep-induced loss of consciousness in humans.

The micronutrients iron and manganese are enriched in the Southern Ocean eastern Pacific sector at 2 to 4 km depth, probably from hydrothermal activity at ocean ridges, as revealed in depth profiles, and they could reach the surface mixed layer within two decades according to simulated water trajectories.

Increasing evidence suggests that immune mechanisms underlie major inflammatory diseases that show no overt microbial etiology. In this context, a 4-day conference of clinical and nonclinical scientists convened in the United Arab Emirates to consider recent research developments in this fast-moving field.

AlphaFold 3 has a substantially updated architecture that is capable of predicting the joint structure of complexes including proteins, nucleic acids, small molecules, ions and modified residues with greatly improved accuracy over many previous specialized tools.

The breach of the Kakhovka Dam in 2023 caused a factor of 50 increase in chlorophyll-a concentrations in the North-Western Black Sea, triggering severe algal blooms for 20 days after, according to hydrological modelling, satellite data and in-situ observations.

A dynamical systems and phenomenology-based approach demonstrates that human consciousness is associated with faster, more unpredictable yet more constant transitions in dynamical connectivity and reveals an increased repertoire of possible states

The tundra carbon balance is sensitive to small temperature increases at low light, but the effect is offset by increases in leaf area index, or reversed at high light. With warming, greater vegetation cover could negatively affect net carbon uptake.

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is caused by autosomal recessive variants in phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) and can lead to neurotoxicity. Here the authors describe a mouse model of PKU based on a mutation in phenylalanine hydroxylase (R261Q) which replicates traits of this disease and shows a proteostasis defect and oxidative stress, implying a gain-of-function contribution to the disease phenotype.

Perturbations in a large-scale whole-brain model suggest that anesthesia and injury may be imparting functionally similar effects in terms of brain dynamics.

A new ice core from West Antarctica shows that, during the last ice age, abrupt Northern Hemisphere climate variations were followed two centuries later by a response in Antarctica, suggesting an oceanic propagation of the climate signal to the Southern Hemisphere high latitudes.

López-González et al study the fMRI brain dynamics and their underlying mechanism from patients that suffered brain injuries leading to a disorder of consciousness as well as from healthy subjects undergoing propofol-induced sedation. They show that pathological and pharmacological low-level states of consciousness display disrupted synchronization patterns, higher constraint to the anatomy and a loss of heterogeneity and stability in the structural hubs compared to conscious states.

Chromodomain Helicase DNA-binding (CHD) proteins have been implicated in neurodevelopmental processes. Here, the authors identify missense variants in CHD3 that disturb its chromatin remodeling activities and cause a neurodevelopmental disorder with macrocephaly and speech and language impairment.

Whole-exome analysis of individuals with developmental disorders shows that de novo mutations can equally cause loss or altered protein function, but that most mutations causing altered protein function have not yet been described.

Across 34 countries, fear of disease and empathic concern encouraged adherence to COVID19 preventive measures. When trust in government is high, the link is weaker between preventive behaviour and fear but stronger between preventive behavior and empathic concern.