The ozone climate penalty in parts per billion (ppb) in the Denver Metro North Front Range region, with nonattainment areas located within the gray box. The ozone climate penalty was defined as the difference between ground-level ozone concentrations in the 2010s and concentrations predicted using daily 2010s weather adjusted to match the 1950s climate, holding constant other factors affecting ozone formation.
- James L. Crooks
- Rachel Licker
- Brenda Ekwurzel
