Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are used for RNA formulation to achieve the delivery of vaccines and other therapies, however, their transfection efficiency is often low. Existing analytical techniques are limited in their molecular characterisation of LNPs, so here the authors develop molecular depth profiling using cryogenic OrbiTrap secondary ion mass spectrometry to reveal the relative depths of lipids, RNA components and lipid orientation at the surface of LNPs.
- Anna M. Kotowska
- Michael Fay
- Morgan R. Alexander
