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Pioneer of high-pressure physics and superconductivity.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UCAR) is associated with various clinical outcomes such as kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Here, the authors report genome-wide meta-analysis in over 500,000 individuals and find 68 UACR loci, followed by statistical fine-mapping, gene prioritization and experimental validation in flies.

Cells can regulate their mass density. Here, the authors demonstrate how eukaryotes establish and maintain a lower density in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm via pressure balance, and how deviations emerge during pathophysiological states like senescence.

Machine learning models represent an opportunity for the automatic generation of histopathology reports. Here, the authors develop HistoGPT, a vision language model that can generate reports from multiple gigapixel-sized whole slide images and also predict tumour thickness, subtypes, and margins, among other diseases.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

A genome-wide association meta-analysis of individuals with clinically assessed or self-reported depression identifies 44 independent risk loci. Comparisons with other psychiatric disorders and candidate gene analyses provide new insights into major depressive disorder.

Rare mutations in the high requirement temperature protein A1 (HTRA1) cause cerebral vasculopathy. Here, authors establish mechanistically distinct protein repair approaches to reverse the deleterious effects of pathogenic mutations interfering with the assembly and protease function of HTRA1.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Caroline Fox and colleagues report results of a large genome-wide association meta-analysis and replication study for indices of renal function. Their work identifies 13 new loci associated with renal function and 7 loci associated with creatinine production and secretion.

Multiancestry genome-wide association analyses identify new risk loci for stroke and stroke subtypes. Fine mapping and bioinformatics analyses of these risk loci point to mechanisms not previously implicated in stroke pathophysiology.

Reduced glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease. Here, Pattaro et al. conduct a meta-analysis to discover several new loci associated with variation in eGFR and find that genes associated with eGFR loci often encode proteins potentially related to kidney development.

A multi-ancestry genome-wide association study for age at menarche followed by fine mapping and downstream analysis implicates 665 pubertal timing genes, such as the G-protein-coupled receptor 83 (GPR83) and other genes expressed in the ovaries involved in the DNA damage response.

Dissipative structures are governed by non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Here, the authors describe a size-dependent transition from active droplets to active spherical shells—a dissipative structure that arises from reaction diffusion gradients.

Lichens are symbioses of fungi and green algae or cyanobacteria. Here, the finding of 152 fossil lichens from Palaeogene amber greatly increases the number of known fossil lichens. Their morphologies show that the European Palaeogene amber forests were temperate and humid.

4D-scanning transmission electron microscopy uses diffractive imaging for structural studies. Here, authors study single particle cryo-EM protein samples at up to 5.8 Å resolution, using 4D-STEM and ptychography data processing.

This article presents NAPstars, a family of genetically-encoded biosensors that enable real-time monitoring of NADP redox dynamics across species. The sensors reveal robust NADP redox regulation, cell-cycle-linked NADP oscillations, and glutathione as the major conduit for anti-oxidative electron flux.

A cross-ancestry meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies association signals for stroke and its subtypes at 89 (61 new) independent loci, reveals putative causal genes, highlighting F11, KLKB1, PROC, GP1BA, LAMC2 and VCAM1 as potential drug targets, and provides cross-ancestry integrative risk prediction.

A genome-wide association meta-analysis study of blood lipid levels in roughly 1.6 million individuals demonstrates the gain of power attained when diverse ancestries are included to improve fine-mapping and polygenic score generation, with gains in locus discovery related to sample size.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Using a globally distributed standardized aerial sampling of fungal spores, we show that the hyperdiverse kingdom of fungi follows globally highly predictable spatial and temporal dynamics, with seasonality in both species richness and community composition increasing with latitude.

Trans-ancestry meta-analysis of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from 1,046,070 individuals identifies 264 associated loci, providing a resource of molecular targets for translational research of chronic kidney disease.

The control of the magnetic order by optical pulses is of practical relevance for information storage as well as of fundamental interest to understand magnetic processes. Here, the authors demonstrate the control of magnetic order by changing the carrier density in Eu_1−xGd_xO via resonant photoexcitation.

In plants, mechanically triggered signalling cascades involve intracellular calcium waves. The kinetics of waves induced by the application and release of force to a cell are distinct, suggesting that plants distinguish touch from letting go.

DNA metabarcoding is used to survey the spatial and temporal distribution of airborne grass pollen genera over the summer grass pollen season across Great Britain.

An integrated single-cell multiomic analysis of complex karyotype acute myeloid leukemia characterizes intratumoral heterogeneity and highlights links to therapeutic sensitivities.

PIEZO2 is expressed in the bladder urothelium and sensory neurons innervating the lower urinary tract and is a key mechanosensor for the control of urination.

Dewald et al. combine a non-invasive sampling approach (Lolli-Test) with an RT qPCR-pool testing strategy to screen for SARS-CoV-2 infections in children and use the method for surveillance and infection control in > 4000 school and daycare settings.

Sinonasal tumour diagnosis can be complicated by the heterogeneity of disease and classification systems. Here, the authors use machine learning to classify sinonasal undifferentiated carcinomas into 4 molecular classe with differences in differentiation state and clinical outcome.

Time-resolved X-ray scattering is utilized to demonstrate an ultrafast 300 ps topological phase transition to a skyrmionic phase. This transition is enabled by the formation of a transient topological fluctuation state.

Analyses of 34 ancient genomes from northeastern Siberia, dating to between 31,000 and 600 years ago, reveal at least three major migration events in the late Pleistocene population history of the region.

A trans-ancestry genome-wide association study of serum urate levels identifies 183 loci influencing this trait. Enrichment analyses, fine-mapping and colocalization with gene expression in 47 tissues implicate the kidney and liver as key target organs and prioritize potential causal genes.

Cancers are complex diseases that are increasingly studied using a diverse set of omics data. At the same time, histological images show the interaction of cells, which is not visible with bulk omics methods. Binder and colleagues present a method to learn from both kinds of data, such that molecular markers can be associated with visible patterns in the tissue samples and be used for more accurate breast cancer diagnosis.

Spatially resolved images of M87 obtained at a wavelength of 3.5 mm in 2018 show a ring-like accretion structure, the inner (outer) edge of which connects the black hole (jet).

Hard X-ray free electron lasers allow new insights into dense matter dynamics. Here, the authors show that a single-beam, short-pulse laser can generate a converging cylindrical shock in a thin wire, providing a new method for high energy density research with improved repetition rates.

Zeolites with regular porous structures are widely used as gas adsorbents and scaffolding for catalysts. Poppe et al. report a liquid crystal with zeolite-like structure by self-assembly of polyphilic molecules with π-conjugated rod-like cores into a honeycomb formed by pentagonal/octagonal channels.

The authors use longitudinal data from the UK Biobank to search for genetic variants associated with kidney function decline. Using a linear mixed model, they identify 13 independent variants, incl. 6 novel, and link them to genetics of kidney aging.

Genome-wide association analyses of 41,917 bipolar disorder cases and 371,549 controls of European ancestry provide new insights into the etiology of this disorder and identify novel therapeutic leads and potential opportunities for drug repurposing.

The mechanisms underlying deep pressure sensing are not fully understood. Here the authors demonstrate that while two individuals lacking Aβ fibers demonstrate impaired deep pressure sensing, seven individuals with PIEZO2 loss of function mutations display normal deep pressure responses.

The complex interactions arising in mixtures of bosons and fermions make it hard to understand their coupled dynamics. The collective oscillations of fermions embedded in a boson condensate have now been characterized in an ultracold-atom experiment.

Decoupling the processes of light harvesting and catalytic hydrogen evolution could be a potentially important step in storing solar energy. This has now been achieved with a single molecular unit: a light-harvesting ruthenium complex–polyoxometalate dyad that absorbs light, separates and stores charge and then generates hydrogen on demand following the addition of a proton donor.