A convolutional neural network (U-Net) for the assessment of aberrant CTLA-4 antibody staining using two independent antibody clones (MSVA-152R and CAL49) was trained and validated on 4582 tumor samples in this study. The deep learning-based framework facilitated automated CTLA-4 quantification in more than 90 different tumor entities via compensating for individual antibody shortcomings.
- David Dum
- Tjark L. C. Henke
- Niclas C. Blessin
