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Chromatin topology can impact gene regulation. Here, Wu et al. show that evolutionary changes in chromatin structure, particularly CTCF loops, can drive distinct transcriptional landscapes and isoform diversity contributing to human-specific traits.

Using data from MASH clinical trials, an AI model shows comparable performance with respect to individual pathologists in assessing histologic scoring for enrollment criteria and endpoint evaluation

In the second case in which a genetically modified pig heart was transplanted into a living person, the xenografted heart functioned well initially, but antibody-mediated rejection occurred thereafter, pointing to the need for improved strategies to avoid this complication.

Nitric oxide is an environmental pollutant that is typically remediated by selective catalytic reduction at elevated temperatures. Here an electrochemical oxidation pathway is reported at near-ambient conditions, producing a concentrated stream of nitric acid as a valuable product from waste nitric oxide streams.

Sustainable and regenerative agriculture often employs diverse systems of crop rotation to reduce environmental impacts and sequester carbon. A long-term field study, however, reveals a trade-off between soil organic carbon storage and nitrogen supply.

The authors assess the risk of overshoot beyond 1.5 °C warming, using three scenarios with minimal overshoot, brief overshoot and sustained overshoot. They show a risk of long-term Amazon dieback, which begins as early as 1.3 °C warming but is largely mitigated by reducing temperature below 1.5 °C.

NNC2215 is an insulin conjugate that can reversibly adjust its bioactivity in response to a diabetes-relevant glucose range in vivo.

Atomic force microscopy is revealing molecular structures with startling clarity. Artificial intelligence and automation could expand its potential.

Bench-stable fluoroalkylphosphine reagents are used to form C–CF₂X bonds in a one-pot process, reliably fluoroalkylating pyridine building blocks and drug and agrochemical intermediates.

Analysing camera-trap data of 163 mammal species before and after the onset of COVID-19 lockdowns, the authors show that responses to human activity are dependent on the degree to which the landscape is modified by humans, with carnivores being especially sensitive.

Currently, precious metal recovery from e-waste water is usually performed by liquid extraction or sorbent processes. Here, the authors show the untapped potential of dielectric insulators as catalysts for the 1-step selective recovery of gold in aqueous solutions by contact-electrocatalysis.

Charlie Clutterbuck, Alan Dalton and Andy Solandt, of the British Society for Social Responsibility in Science, consider what action needs to be taken to identify and regulate industrial health hazards.

A deep-learning-based strategy is used to design artificial luciferases that catalyse the oxidative chemiluminescence of diphenylterazine with high substrate specificity and catalytic efficiency.

Novel biochemical processes using magnetic particles have been automated to provide a robotic system to perform processes for large-scale shotgun sequencing.

The impact of breakage fusion bridge (BFB) cycles on tumour heterogeneity and clinical outcomes remains poorly understood. Here, the authors develop OM2BFB, an algorithm to detect and reconstruct BFB amplifications using optical genome maps and use it to study BFB events across 2557 primary tumours and cancer cell lines.

The physics of charge transport in graphene becomes particularly interesting near the Dirac point. Here, the authors demonstrate a negative minority carrier mobility due to drag between majority and minority carriers in graphene at the charge neutrality point.

Anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) are globally distributed methane consumers for which pure cultures are lacking. Here the authors use multi-omics and FISH on a bioreactor enrichment to reveal metabolically and morphologically distinct life stages in a single ANME lineage.

Multiple cellular pathways are altered in cancer and identifying them is relevant for prognosis and therapy. Here, the authors develop Benchmark and Pathway Ensemble Tool (PET), two computational approaches to optimise pathway discovery in cancer and predict related biomarkers and therapeutic avenues.

Antibiotic resistance is biologically driven by antibiotic use but other social, environmental, demographic, economic and behavioural factors also contribute. Here, the authors conduct a cross-sectional study to identify risk factors jointly associated with multidrug resistant urinary tract infection in East Africa.

A history of disease mapping shows that despite technological developments, little has changed in 500 years, finds Andy Tatem.

The Canadian seal hunt leads to animal suffering, and a European Union ban on the import of its products should stand, says Andy Butterworth.

Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are an emerging platform in drug discovery with the potential to unlock novel pharmacology and tackle undruggable targets. This Review highlights learnings from the first cohort of clinical-stage PROTACs, which use short, ring-rich linkers, often complemented with one basic centre, to achieve good bioavailability and metabolic stability.

Evaluating the immune status of newborns helps recognition of those who are at higher risk for serious infectious diseases. Here authors identify lower, epigenetically inferred,

neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios during the first week of life as risk factor for sepsis and provide insight into the underpinning epigenetic and transcriptional patterns.

Andy Tatem traces the global tracks of pathogens that have clung to the coat-tails of trade over the centuries.

The transcription factor FOXO1 has a key role in human T cell memory, and manipulating FOXO1 expression could provide a way to enhance CAR T cell therapies by increasing CAR T cell persistence and antitumour activity.

Genetic susceptibility loci for oropharyngeal cancer have been reported but these studies have not always examined human papillomavirus (HPV) status. Here, the authors perform genome-wide analysis taking into account HPV16 serology status and report two independent loci in the HLA region, suggesting the protective role of HLA variants against HPV infection.

Inventory data from more than 1 million trees across African, Amazonian and Southeast Asian tropical forests suggests that, despite their high diversity, just 1,053 species, representing a consistent ~2.2% of tropical tree species in each region, constitute half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees.

A lensed quasar at redshift z ≈ 10.3, seen in X-rays, hosts a supermassive black hole of mass similar to that of its host galaxy. The large black-hole mass at a young age, as well as the amount of X-rays it produces, suggest that the black hole formed from the collapse of a huge cloud of gas.

It is important to understand why some individuals in endemic regions acquire natural immunity against malaria while others remain susceptible. Here authors show that during episodes of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, circumsporozoite-specific cytolytic memory CD4⁺ T cells are clonally expanded in patients, and those with clinical immunity demonstrate reduction in the chemotactic and inhibitory receptor expression in ZEB2⁺ memory CD4⁺ T cells.

An analysis of published data from grassland biodiversity experiments looks at the relationship between biodiversity and multiple ecological processes (ecosystem multifunctionality). Different species often influence different ecosystem functions, suggesting that studies considering single ecosystem services in isolation may severely underestimate the levels of biodiversity required for fully functioning ecosystems.

Over half the world’s rivers dry periodically, yet little is known about the biological communities in dry riverbeds. This study examines biodiversity across 84 non-perennial rivers in 19 countries using DNA metabarcoding. It finds that nutrient availability, climate and biotic interactions influence the biodiversity of these dry environments.

A surface electromyography biosensing system that is based on a screen-printed, conformal electrode array and has in-sensor adaptive learning capabilities can classify human gestures in real time and with high accuracy.

A comprehensive analysis of omics data from biopsies and blood samples from more than 12,000 cases of heart, lung, liver and kidney transplants provides insights into shared mechanisms of allograft dysfunction across organs.

While experiments in younger trees support increased production under higher CO₂, it is unclear whether more mature trees can respond similarly. Here, the authors show increased production of biomass in a 180-year-old Quercus robur L. woodland under 7 years of free-air CO₂ enrichment (FACE).

The COP9 signalosome (CSN) regulates Cullin-RING Ligase 2 (CRL2) but the molecular basis for their interaction is unknown. Here the authors use structural mass spectrometry and cryo-EM approaches to assess the structures and dynamics of CSN-CRL2 complexes.