The role of IL-10 in influenza infection is controversial. Here the authors show that early during infection, IL-10 promotes Th1 immunity by inhibiting viral neuraminidase-mediated release of TGF-β, but later acts as an immunosuppressive cytokine to inhibit immunopathology and promote recovery.
- Avijit Dutta
- Ching-Tai Huang
- Yueh-Chia He
