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The iron pnictides are a class of superconductors that have received widespread interest in recent years. By doping the prototypical material LaFeAsO with hydrogen, this study reveals the existence of a second superconducting dome at higher doping ranges, which arises due to orbital fluctuations.

The relationship between electronic ordering and superconductivity, crucial to understand high-T_c superconductors, remains elusive. Here, Sun et al. report the pressure-induced dome shape of a magnetic phase superceding the nematic order in FeSe, suggesting competing nature between magnetism and superconductivity.

The pachycephalosaurian Zavacephale rinpoche, from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia, provides crucial insights into the early evolution of dome-headed dinosaurs, including the development of the frontoparietal dome and decoupling of sociosexual and somatic maturity.

The night-time seeing (the extent to which a star’s light is blurred by the atmosphere) at Dome A, the highest part on the Antarctic plateau, can be as good as 0.13 arcseconds above a height of only 8 metres.

Thermal triggering of rock exfoliation has long been discounted as relevant to the evolution of rock domes. Here, the authors documented and measured recent fracturing events in California, USA to show that hot summer periods can lead to thermal stresses and cause seemingly spontaneous rock exfoliation.

Structural and functional characterization of the β-barrel assembly machinery complex in Bacteroidota reveals a distinct, seven-component complex with a large extracellular domain that may enable β-barrel–surface lipoprotein complex assembly.

This study presents optical geodetic observations to constrain the sources responsible for long-period volcanic earthquakes, which are coincident with frequent explosive eruptions at Santiaguito Volcano, Guatemala. It is found that acceleration in deformation of the volcanic dome, extracted from the high-resolution optical image processing, is coincident with recorded long-period seismic sources. On the basis of these observations, abrupt mass shift of solidified domes, conduit magma or magma pads seem to be part of the mechanism responsible for generating long-period earthquakes at silicic volcanic systems.

It has been suggested that production, transport, and deposition of dust is influenced by climatic changes on glacial-interglacial timescales. This paper presents a high-resolution record of aeolian dust from the EPICA Dome C ice core in East Antarctica, which suggests that dust is increasingly correlated with Antarctic temperature as the climate becomes colder, indicative of a progressive coupling of the climates of Antarctica and lower latitudes.

The nature of the defects in amorphous materials, analogous to vacancies and dislocations in crystals, remains a matter of debate. Scalliet et al. show that localized and extended defects coexist in a wide range of conditions, yet are associated with distinct energy scales in a prototypical glass model.

Analysis of atmospheric spectra between 20 and 350 μm obtained at Dome A in Antarctica reveals the excellent year-round conditions of this location for Terahertz & Far-IR astronomical observations from ground, usually hindered by water vapour bands.

Understanding superconductivity in low carrier density metals near polar quantum critical point, such as SrTiO3, has been challenging. Here, using inelastic neutron scattering, the authors reveal a correlation between the superconducting dome and the spatial length scale of polarization fluctuations.

Ice core records of gradually declining atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) for the period 1450–1700 CE support modelled scenarios of large-scale reorganisation of land use in the Americas following New World-Old World contact.

The permeability of a dome exerts a control on the outgassing efficiency of the underlying magma. The authors investigate the role of hydrothermal alteration on this process in the laboratory and use these data to model whether the overpressures generated are capable of promoting explosive behaviour.

DOME is a set of community-wide recommendations for reporting supervised machine learning–based analyses applied to biological studies. Broad adoption of these recommendations will help improve machine learning assessment and reproducibility.

The 2020 – 2021 eruption of La Soufrière volcano transitioned from an effusive to explosive eruption style. Here the authors show that input from multiple monitoring datasets and an evolving conceptual model were key to anticipating and responding to the eruptive transition at the La Soufrière volcano, St. Vincent, in a resource-constrained setting.

Antarctica is increasingly popular as a site for tourism and scientific research. The growth of marine traffic and the presence of major research stations have increased the anthropogenic deposition of heavy metals into this fragile ecosystem.

Previous transport studies of graphite in strong magnetic fields have found a sequence of phase transitions with a still unresolved microscopic origin. Here the authors present ultrasound measurements enabling sharper resolution and demonstrating the thermodynamic nature of these transitions.

High-spatial-resolution images of the bright points at Occator crater on Ceres, taken during the second extended Dawn mission, allowed reconstruction of the chronology of their formation. The area experienced extensive cryovolcanism less than nine million years ago that lasted several million years, indicating recent geological activity.

Interglacial temperature coupling between East Antarctica and the Southern Ocean was set by the position of moisture source regions, according to an 800,000-year-long deuterium-excess ice-core record from East Antarctica.

Mounds within Ceres’s Occator crater may have formed by freezing of water-rich impact-induced melt, by a process analogous to that of pingo formation on Earth, according to an analysis of data from NASA’s Dawn mission.

The authors study electron-doped cuprate superconductor Pr_1−xLaCe_xCuO_4-δ using ARPES and muon spin spectroscopy. They find that T_c is proportional to the quasiparticle weight of the hole pocket near the nodal points, which arises from Fermi-surface reconstruction associated with antiferromagnetic order.

Giant icy volcanos (cryovolcanos) on Pluto are unique in the imaged solar system and provide evidence for unexpected, active geology late in Pluto’s history.

Water scarcity is a global issue that demands urgent resolution, but current approaches are inadequate. Now a metre-scale atmospheric water harvester, featuring a hygroscopic origami hydrogel panel and a window-like glass chamber, demonstrates exceptional efficiency in extracting water from air, even in extremely arid conditions.

The underlying physics of the strange metal phase observed in many strongly correlated materials is not well understood. Now, evidence emerges that antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations play an important role.

Sedimentary records from offshore of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet support two episodes of ice loss during the last interglacial period (130-115 ka), leading to elevated global sea levels under global mean temperatures similar to the present day.

Spectroscopic data obtained at high spatial resolution from Dawn detected the presence of fresh chloride salts at Cerealia Facula on Ceres. The spatial distribution of the hydration level of these salts suggests that they surfaced a maximum of a few centuries ago and that the upwelling of salty fluids may still be active.

A Middle Triassic diapsid is presented that has a distinctive crest consisting of integumentary appendages that are structurally distinct from avemetatarsalian feathers.

Proteome mapping of tissues is crucial for phenotypic characterization of tissue heterogeneity and microenvironment within spatial context. Here the authors report a robust, easy-to-use single voxel proteomics technique for deep proteome mapping of tissues and profiling of regions of interest.

Regrowth of the Bezymianny volcano, Kamchatka developed from dispersed domes to a focussed stratocone due to loading changes beneath the edifice over the course of seven decades, according to photogrammetric observations throughout the period.