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Prion-like proteins in Escherichia coli trigger an abortive infection mechanism in response to phage infection—a process similar to amyloid-mediated immune signalling in fungi and animals.

The binding of a DARPin to p53 displaces the human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 protein and stabilizes p53 in HPV-infected cells. This interaction reactivates a p53-dependent transcriptional program, suggesting a potential new therapeutic strategy for treating HPV-induced cancers.

It’s poorly understood how renal manifestations develop in HEV infection in patients. Here, the authors observe glomerular accumulation of the viral protein ORF2 in complex with host IgG in immunocompromised patients with chronic or acute HEV infection who developed glomerulonephritis.

This study reveals the structural basis of auxin import by the AUX/LAX family. LAX3 binds auxin as well as herbicides via a proton-coupled mechanism, which offers insights into hormone recognition that is essential for lateral root growth.

Acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) is a rare salivary gland carcinoma that is poorly understood. Here the authors perform genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling of AciCC and find highly recurrent and specific rearrangements [t(4;9)(q13;q31)], which lead to enhancer hijacking that activates oncogenic transcription factor NR4A3.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome following SARS-CoV-2 infection results from increased serum levels of TGFβ, which impairs the reactivation of virus-specific T cells.

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) is a heterogeneous and aggressive type of T-cell lymphoma. Here, the authors perform single-cell analyses of human and murine PTCL-NOS tumors, and identify a subtype defined by the loss of SMARCB1 that could be targeted with HDAC-inhibitor combination therapies.

A number of mechanisms are known to mediate bacterial antibiotic resistance. Here, Arad et al show that amyloid fibrils produced by Staphylococcus aureus rapidly degrade common antibiotic molecules.

A candidate vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 that uses the yellow fever 17D live-virus vector is highly efficacious and displays a favourable safety profile in Syrian hamster, mouse and cynomolgus macaque models.

Nematode-trapping fungi are able to overcome the cuticle of Caenorhabditis elegans to colonize the nematode body. Here, Emser et al. characterise a nematode induced protein that induces blister formation in the nematode epidermis to facilitate fungal entry.

A nematode-trapping fungus uses a dual-function G-protein-coupled receptor for perception of nematode-derived ascarosides for hunting Caenorhabditis elegans.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Survival outcomes in Burkitt lymphoma differ between adult and paediatric patients. Here, the authors show differences in mutational frequencies between age groups, and a transition between mutational profiles which occurs between 25 and 40 years.

Currently licensed COVID-19 vaccines are based on antigen sequences of early SARS-CoV-2 isolates, despite the prevalence of variants of concerns escaping vaccine-mediated protection. Using their updated yellow fever 17D vectored candidate, here, authors assess neutralising antibody responses against variants of concern, and demonstrate protection and reduced transmission in a hamster model.

Retron-Sen2 of Salmonella Typhimurium encodes a toxin and a reverse transcriptase, which, together with the Sen2 multi-copy single-stranded DNA synthesized by the reverse transcriptase make up a tripartite toxin–antitoxin system that functions in anti-phage defence.

Peter Robinson and colleagues performed exome sequencing on three siblings to identify mutations in PIGV in Hyperphosphatasia-Mental Retardation (HPMR) syndrome.

Hematopoiesis influences the progression of cardiovascular disease, yet the influence of cardiovascular disease on the bone vasculature is unknown. Hoffmann, Luxán, Abplanalp et al. describe the response of the bone cell composition to myocardial infarction and provide a rationale for using anti-inflammatory therapies to prevent the deterioration of the bone vascular niche

The intensity correlations in incoherently scattered X-rays from a free-electron laser can be exploited to image 2D objects with a resolution close to or below the diffraction limit.

MYB activity is a key factor for the maintenance of acute myeloid leukemias but it is also a difficult target. Here, the authors develop a peptidomimetic (MYBMIM) that prevents the interaction of the trans-activation domain of MYB with the KIX domain of CBP/P300 and inhibits leukaemia growth.

This analysis of a large, clinically annotated cohort of individuals with predisposition to myelodysplastic syndromes reveals insights into the genetic determinants of disease progression and their relationship with clinical manifestations and therapy outcome.

Large-scale biobanks have become a font of data that have led to discoveries across many fields of research. Here, the authors provide an overview of the Estonian Biobank, highlighting its value for research and towards personalized medicine.

Stefan Mundlos and colleagues report the identification of mutations in SCYL1BP1 in families with gerodermia osteodysplastica, a disorder characterized by wrinkly skin and osteoporosis. SCYL1BP1 localizes to the Golgi apparatus and interacts with Rab6.

Vitamin E metabolites are proposed to have signalling capacity, but how they may regulate immune responses is still unclear. Here the authors show that a vitamin E metabolite, α-T-13′-COOH, can inhibit 5-lipoxygenase and thereby suppress the synthesis of lipid mediators of immune activation and inflammatory responses.

Nanocrystals - such as quantum dots and magnetic nanoparticles - embedded in lipoproteins can be used to image and quantify the kinetics of lipid metabolism in vivo in a non-invasive manner using fluorescence and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging.

Swarm Learning is a decentralized machine learning approach that outperforms classifiers developed at individual sites for COVID-19 and other diseases while preserving confidentiality and privacy.

Tharyan et al. identify NFYB-1 as a regulator of mitochondrial function that represses lysosomal prosaposin. The NFYB-1–prosaposin signalling axis coordinates lysosomal-to-mitochondria signalling via cardiolipin to enhance cellular mitochondrial function and longevity in C. elegans.

Stefan Mundlos and colleagues report the identification of mutations in PYCR1 that cause autosomal recessive cutis laxa. PYCR1 encodes an enzyme involved in proline metabolism and localizes to mitochondria.

Quantitative live-cell imaging provides a dynamic protein atlas of mitosis.

Average microbial biomass loads in glacial melt water are similar despite different environmental settings allowing for estimation of regional carbon export from melting glacier surfaces, according to direct observations at eight northern hemisphere glaciers and two Greenland Ice Sheet sites.

Nirav Chhabra et al. characterize adult mice carrying a homozygous mutation in Pax6 that was identified in a patient with foveal hypoplasia. They find that the Pax6 point mutation has pleiotropic effects, including defects in the mouse retinal structures, loss of the optic nerve, changes in energy metabolism and circadian rhythms, and dysregulation of genes expressed in the pancreas.