Therapies based on the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) have proved to be successful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In this article, Ahrén reviews recent progress in the development of improved GLP1 modulators and discusses the therapeutic potential of other islet β-cell G protein-coupled receptors that are involved in the regulation of islet function, including GPR40 and GPR119.