Cells can signal to one another through a variety of ways, one of which is the addition and removal of phosphate groups. These processes are carried out by protein kinase and protein phosphatase enzymes, respectively. Signalling pathways are increasingly being found to be regulated by interactions between kinases and phosphatases — for example, one protein kinase has been identified as the substrate for a specific protein phosphatase in a self-moderating signalling complex.
- David R. H. Evans
- Brian A. Hemmings
