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Biocatalysis of the chemotherapy drug, doxorubicin, relies on the cytochrome P450 DoxA, which is inefficient. Here, the authors ameliorated the biosynthetic limitations by identifying DoxA redox partners and DnrV, which prevents product inhibition, helping improve microbial production.

This study uncovers genetic links between plant roots and their microbiome in Brassica napus, identifying microbe-associated loci and a beneficial bacterium, Sphingopyxis, that promotes nitrogen uptake.

Post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA translation was explored using Ribo-STAMP and single-cell RNA sequencing to reveal cell-type-specific and isoform-specific translation patterns across hippocampal neuronal and non-neuronal cell types, highlighting functional differences between CA1 and CA3.

Entangled quantum memories are used in a quantum network of silicon–vacancy centres in diamond nanocavities to experimentally perform non-local phase measurements.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Chen et al. developed a self-powered smart magnetoelastic stent for real-time hemodynamic monitoring and stenosis detection.

This study achieves precise atomic-scale control over ferroelectric polymer chains through facet modulation, significantly enhancing ferroelectric phase stability, thereby enabling efficient and tunable multiband electromagnetic attenuation.

Oxytocin promotes social behaviors, but its cortical targets remain unclear. Here, authors show that oxytocin activates local interneurons in the rat prefrontal cortex, enhancing sociability through top-down control of the basolateral amygdala.

The inferior heterojunction quality and misaligned energy levels at the buffer/absorber layer hinders development of antimony selenosulfide solar cells. Here, authors introduce low-work-function tantalum pentoxide dielectric layer for field-effect passivation, achieving device efficiency of 10.95%.

The STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory demonstrates evidence of spin correlations in \(\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }\) hyperon pairs inherited from virtual spin-correlated strange quark–antiquark pairs during QCD confinement.

The combined spectrum of an inner standard disk and a gravitationally unstable outer disk surrounding a supermassive black hole can potentially explain the V-shaped spectra of little red dots, without invoking strong dust extinction.

Plasmas can unlock unconventional reactivity for established catalytic systems, but understanding the resulting mechanistic changes is a complex endeavour. Here in situ characterization techniques allow us to rationalize the promotional role of non-thermal plasma on the catalytic hydrogenation of CO₂ to methanol on Cu–Zn systems.

O’Shea and colleagues establish that optimisation of charge and stability is sufficient to enable any single-chain variable fragment intrabody to function within the cell. The authors use AI-led inverse folding to optimise intrabody characteristics, and they present hundreds of intrabody sequences targeting sixty cytoplasmic proteins.

It is unclear whether the harsh abiotic conditions of drylands hinder biological invasions. This global analysis shows that drylands are vulnerable to non-native plants and are likely to become more so as native plant diversity declines and grazing pressure intensifies.

Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 continue to evolve 6 to 12 months after infection in patients who have recovered from COVID-19, increasing in potency and breadth with time.

A general method for synthesizing hierarchical zeolites with open porosity is developed. After loading gold nanoclusters on the open-porosity TS-1 zeolite, intimate contact between gold and titanium active sites is formed, leading to high activity and stability for the direct epoxidation of propylene with H₂ and O₂.

Hepatic glycogenolysis is essential for protein glycosylation and rhythmic secretion by the liver. Disruptions to hepatic glycogenolysis, caused by congenital diseases or physiological factors such as obesity, caloric restriction and changes to meal timing, alter hepatic protein secretion.

A human spinal cord organoid model can replicate two different types of spinal cord injury and can be used as an in vitro system to evaluate therapeutics and inflammatory reactions to treatments.

Donahue et al. show that ageing is associated with changes in ER morphology. ER-phagy drives age-associated ER remodelling through tissue-specific factors.

Data from long-term experiments in Finnish peatlands shows that warming induces a metabolic response in boreal Sphagnum peatlands that enhances accumulation of soil carbon, in contrast to the carbon losses in response to warming in boreal forests and tundra.

Metal–ligand synergistic catalysis remains underexplored in single-atom systems. Here, inspired by homogeneous pincer complexes, the authors construct Pd(II)–N₄ sites on carbon nitride, enabling highly selective photocatalytic semi-hydrogenation of alkynes.

Mapping global alluvial channel patterns reveals a hidden dominance of anabranching channels, constituting nearly half of the total reach length globally.

Reprograming the tumor microenvironment is a promising strategy to overcome resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in patients with malignant melanoma. Here, the authors report a phase 1/2 study evaluating the combination of LOAd703 (viral-vector encoding CD40L and 4-1BBL) with atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) in patients with ICI-resistant, malignant melanoma.

While neoadjuvant chemotherapy can improve outcomes in patients with esophageal squamous carcinoma, resistance often develops. Here, the authors identify elevated INCENP and CDCA8 via YTHDF3 mediated translation as markers of poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in esophageal squamous carcinoma.

Here, the authors identify distinct, autism-specific diet microbiome interactions, showing how unhealthy diets and synthetic emulsifiers drive dysbiosis. The findings pave the way for microbiome-aware dietary strategies for autism.

Bioactivity-guided isolation of specialized metabolites is an iterative process. Here, the authors demonstrate a native metabolomics approach that allows for fast screening of complex metabolite extracts against a protein of interest and simultaneous structure annotation.

A multiancestry phenome-wide analysis of copy number variants in the UK Biobank genomes increases power to detect genetic associations with complex traits across human populations.

Using nitrogen isotopes from ancient and modern fish otoliths and corals, the study shows Caribbean reef food webs are now 60–70% shorter and functionally less diverse, indicating human-driven trophic simplification and increased risk of collapse.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Engineered mucus-tethering bispecific nanobodies neutralize and entrap viruses to enhance mucosal immunity, preventing influenza infection and limiting SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

A measurement strategy is described that is able to read out the parity of minimal two-site Kitaev chains in real time, by coupling two Majoranas and resolving their quantum capacitance.

A martensitic alloy with a tensile strength exceeding 3 GPa and a fracture elongation of 5.13% is developed. These mechanical properties arise from interface complexes interacting with dense dislocation networks, which is a mechanism shown to be applicable to other compositions.

Macrocyclization typically proceeds via thioesterase mediation in type I polyketide synthases. Now, using genome mining and crystallographic analysis, an alternative mechanism for stereoselective macrocyclization in the akaeolide biosynthetic pathway is reported. The mechanism is proposed to proceed via an iminium-catalysed tandem Michael addition and Knoevenagel condensation, using nuclear transport factor 2-like enzymes.

Papaya is a trioecious species with XX females, XY males, and XY^h hermaphrodites, and the combination of Y and Y^h chromosomes is lethal. Here, the authors identify the degeneration of the YY lethality gene on the Y chromosome as the causal balancing lethal factor that reenforces dioecy and stabilizes balanced sex ratios.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

This study shows that the deletions of BAI1 and BAI3, but not of BAI2, enhance axonal and dendritic growth while reducing excitatory synapse formation in murine mixed neuron-glia cultures. BAI3's interaction with specific ligands is crucial for these processes, highlighting its key role in neuronal development.

Self-amplifying RNA enables durable therapeutic expression, but its high immunogenicity and low-fidelity replication limit its use. Here, authors engineer a Norovirus-derived VPg-saRNA platform that achieves cap-independent, low-immunogenic and precise therapeutic protein expression in vivo.

Electrochemical CO reduction to multi-carbon products offers a carbon-negative approach to produce chemicals, but the intricate reaction pathways lead to a broad spectrum of products. Now it has been shown that alkali cations alter the mechanistic pathways that govern the reaction selectivity involved in the formation of hydrocarbons versus oxygenates.

Here the authors present NCATS-SM0225, a small molecule that inhibits ERAD and selectively kills cancer cells by binding VDACs, disrupting calcium homeostasis, and triggering the PERK-STIM1 pathway to degrade ERAD regulators.

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

A juvenile iguanodontian from the Lower Cretaceous of China preserves both spikes and scales in its skin that are different from integumentary structures in either non-avian dinosaurs or extant squamates and may have had a defensive function.

The propagation of structured light in free space is bound to the existing solutions of Helmholtz equation. Here, authors propose a hydrodynamic formulation of optics to design and generate well-known beam families and introduce additional specialized modes. The formalism is experimentally validated through optical tweezers and free-space communications.

Earthquake-cycle observations reveal that the 2025 Mw 7.1 Dingri earthquake featured complex rupture, widespread triggered a/seismic slip, and early viscoelastic relaxation, highlighting how stress transfer through the cycle shapes fault behaviour.

Centennial-scale variations in methane carbon isotope ratios are attributed to changes in pyrogenic and biogenic sources that can be correlated with anthropogenic activities, such as varying levels of biomass burning during the period of the Roman empire and the Han dynasty, and changes in natural climate variability.

Age-related inflammation is a key mediator of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), but the mechanism is not fully understood. Here, the authors show that IL-36 agonists are systemic inflammatory factors released from aged skin to promote senescence in joint cells and aggravate OA progression.

Kim, Wang, Clow and colleagues show that long-range chromatin loops bringing distal enhancers or super-enhancers together with promoters are cohesin dependent and cell type specific, whereas most short-range and promoter-centric transcriptional loops are cohesin independent and constitutive.

Crystal structures of HIV Env trimer with native glycosylation in complex with neutralizing antibodies reveal a glycan shield of high-mannose and complex-type N-glycan and indicate a path for germline-targeting vaccine design.