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Galland et al. present soSMARt, a method for in-depth single molecule localisation microscopy using microfabricated devices, which enables single-objective light-sheet microscopy, adaptive optics correction, real-time registration, and axially extended volume reconstruction with nanometer precision.

Nagano et al. identify the third mitotic cohesin complex, STAG3–cohesin, which, with its unique biophysical properties, weakens insulation and rewires regulatory interactions of spermatogonial stem cells, shaping the male germline nucleome.

The degradation of dead wood by basidiomycete fungi relies on Fenton chemistry under aerobic conditions. Here, Röllig et al. show that these fungi can also thrive and degrade wood in anoxia, switching from a Fenton chemistry-based process to the secretion of plant cell wall-active enzymes.

The controlled generation of extreme-ultraviolet beams with controllable topological charge has not been demonstrated. Here, Gauthieret al. report on the generation of extreme-ultraviolet optical vortices with femtosecond duration carrying a controllable amount of orbital angular momentum.

BRCA1–BARD1 directly promotes double-strand break repair by stimulating long-range DNA end resection pathways.

Glutamatergic and GABAergic (γ-aminobutyric acid-producing) cortical neuronal activity drives proliferation of small lung cell cancer via paracrine interactions and through synapses formed with tumour cells.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

Solid-state systems are established candidates to study models of many-body physics but have limited control and readout capabilities. Ensembles of defects in diamond may provide a solution for studying dipolar systems.

Free electron laser beam profile characterization is usually performed separately from the actual measurements and this leads to considerable uncertainty in the results. Here the authors demonstrate the simultaneous measurement of the FEL beam profile with the experiment by using integrated gratings.

Aberrant redox homeostasis links lipid metabolism and cell death programs. Here, authors reveal how cell stress reduces growth factor signaling, enriching polyunsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids and sensitizing membranes to oxidative damage.

Orbital observations identify the presence of hydrated silica and sulfate salts on Mars which is consistent with Early-Amazonian sedimentary volcanism and indicates the remobilization of aqueous reservoirs in the Northern Plains of the planet.

EXO1 has a structural role to promote the MLH1-MLH3 nuclease complex to process meiotic recombination intermediates into crossovers. Here, the authors demonstrate that EXO1 function depends on conserved interactions with the MSH4 subunit of MSH4-MSH5, the MLH1 subunit of MLH1-MLH3, and DNA.

Interleukin-18 (IL-18), a pyroptosis-related cytokine linking immunity and metabolism, regulates appetite, body weight and glucose homeostasis. IL-18 has paradoxical roles: its deficiency leads to obesity, whereas chronic signalling promotes liver fibrosis. Elevated in obesity and diabetes mellitus, IL-18 remains a compelling therapeutic target, with IL-18 binding protein showing anti-fibrotic potential in preclinical and early clinical studies.

Chronic alcohol use in humans and mice downregulates small intestinal mAChR4 and reduces goblet-cell-associated antigen passage formation, disrupting antimicrobial immunity.

Licensing of eukaryotic origins of replication with MCM double hexamers (DHs) can occur through distinct pathways. Here, Lim et al. show that in yeast, cell cycle-dependent regulation of DH formation by CDK and origin structure have co-evolved.

Head and neck cancer patients could greatly benefit from personalised treatment, but a lack of large public datasets hampers this potential. Here, the authors present HANCOCK, a multimodal dataset that integrates demographical, clinical, and histopathological data for 763 head and neck cancer patients that empowers machine learning models for clinical outcome prediction.

Observations of a fast X-ray transient reveal that it is a gamma-ray-burst explosion from a very distant galaxy that emits light with the wavelength necessary to drive cosmic reionization, the last major phase change in the history of the Universe.

MCM8-9 and HROB function together in DNA damage response. Here, the authors describe the mechanism of DNA unwinding by MCM8-9 and its activation by HROB. HROB makes direct contacts with both MCM8 and MCM9 and promotes DNA unwinding downstream of MCM8-9 loading and hexameric ring formation on DNA.

Multi-omics can be used to characterise tumour and immune cell populations. Here the authors use multi-omics to characterise CLL blood and tissue samples and use prediction models for CLL TCR specificity and implicate interactions between galectin-9 and TIM3 as involved in CLL immune escape and propose galectin-9 as a possible immunotherapy target.

This study investigates the role of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde synthase (DHPAAS) in mosquito cuticle formation, a key factor in their development and survival. The findings reveal that DHPAAS is essential for abdominal integrity and egg development, with unique structural features suggesting a novel oxygen delivery mechanism.

Particle therapy is subject to uncertainties in the range of the beam. In this study, tumours in the necks of mice were treated with radioactive ion beams, which enabled real-time verification of the beam range.

A subset of seismic events recorded by InSight’s seismometer attributed to impacts was used to derive a new estimate of the current impact rate on Mars. The results suggest a rate higher than predicted by orbital imaging, but consistent with theoretical rates.

Machine learning-based surrogate models are important to model complex systems at a reduced computational cost; however, they must often be re-evaluated and adapted for validity on future data. Diaw and colleagues propose an online training method leveraging optimizer-directed sampling to produce surrogate models that can be applied to any future data and demonstrate the approach on a dense nuclear-matter equation of state containing a phase transition.

REDEFINE is a label-free approach for characterizing biomolecular condensates based on NMR diffusion experiments, determining parameters of biphasic condensates, namely partitioning, diffusion coefficients, droplet size, permeability, and chemical exchange.

This study examines the impact of herbivorous insects on biogeochemical cycling within forests. From a global network of 74 plots within 40 mature, undisturbed broadleaved forests, they show that background levels of insect herbivory are sufficiently large to alter both ecosystem element cycling and influence terrestrial carbon cycling.

In this work the authors report the structure of nucleotide-free kinesin-1 motor domain (apo-KIF5B) in complex with paclitaxel-stabilized microtubules using magic-angle-spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy. The study provides insights into the dynamic changes under which the neck linker goes upon binding to ADP.

Optical vortices exhibit a corkscrew-like shape as they travel. The study of this phenomenon, known as singular optics, is now extended to the high-power regime where high-harmonic processes become evident. This type of radiation could help illuminate novel attosecond phenomena in atoms and molecules.

A method termed ac⁴C-seq is introduced for the transcriptome-wide mapping of the RNA modification N⁴-acetylcytidine, revealing widespread temperature-dependent acetylation that facilitates thermoadaptation in hyperthermophilic archaea.

Global riverine carbon export to the ocean may exceed previous estimates, underscoring the important role of riverine carbon to the carbon budget, according to a multi-model ensemble assessment constrained by a global dataset.

Embryonal tumour with multilayered rosettes (ETMR) is a rare and aggressive paediatric brain tumour. Here, the authors analyse intratumour heterogeneity and the tumour microenvironment in ETMR using single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, in vitro cultures, and a 3D forebrain organoid model, finding important aspects – such as the communication with pericytes – for ETMR development and response to therapy.

Singlet fission (SF) can create spin-polarized quintet states in organic systems, but this effect and its potential applications have not been sufficiently explored. Here, authors demonstrate that SF in supramolecular assemblies of pentacene chromophores improves the sensitivity of magnetic resonance of water molecules through dynamic nuclear polarization in a water-glycerol glass.

Effe et al. evaluate how specific plasmid traits influence plasmid fitness; they provide mechanistic insight into the persistence of large conjugative plasmids, including those that disseminate antibiotic resistance genes.

This study used AI to map ~29,000 CDR studies—3–4 times more than expected—showing rapid but uneven growth. The map supports stronger evidence synthesis for climate goals and the IPCC. #CDR