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The analysis of radial velocity variations of O-type stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud reveals a large fraction of close binaries, suggesting that binary physics also plays a prominent role in the low-metallicity environment of the distant Universe.

The SARS-CoV-2 protease Mpro is essential for viral replication. Here, the authors have determined the structures of Mpro in complex with 10 of the 11 viral cleavage sequences including a covalent acyl-enzyme intermediate, providing mechanistic and structural insights for antiviral development.

Rare-earth doped crystals are a promising platform for developing quantum devices. Here, Sinclair et al. propose and demonstrate a concept for non-destructive detection of photonic qubits using solid-state waveguides, which could help reduce signal losses in quantum information processing.

Halving average drainage depths in agricultural peatlands could reduce greenhouse gas emissions by the equivalent of 1 per cent of all anthropogenic emissions.

Compared to excise taxes and carbon taxes, setback restrictions on new oil wells have larger health benefits and worker compensation losses, but are more equitable by bringing greater benefits and lower losses to disadvantaged communities in California. For California to meet green gas emissions (GHG) targets, larger setbacks than currently proposed or additional supply-side policies are needed.

A de novo-designed protein that precisely assembles a chlorophyll dimer has been developed. The design matches the conformation of the native ‘special pair’ of chlorophylls that functions as the primary electron donor in natural photosynthetic reaction centers. In the designed protein, excitonically coupled chlorophylls participate in energy transfer. The proteins were also redesigned to assemble into 24-chlorophyll nanocages.

Forecasts of the feedback between adaptive energy use and climate change show energy-based adaptation will lower global mean surface temperature in 2099 by 0.12 °C, reducing required Paris Agreement mitigation for 85 percent of committed countries.

Glutamine synthetase is the only enzyme that synthesizes glutamine in mammals. In vivo metabolomics showed that glutamine synthetase utilizes methylamine to produce N⁵-methylglutamine, whose levels correlate with tumor burden in a β+catenin+mutant liver cancer model.

Electron-beam lithography is often used for patterning of asymmetric metal electrodes for nanoscale devices, but suffers from several limitations. Here, the authors report a new adhesion lithography process, which allows for high-throughput and simple fabrication of nanogap metal electrodes.

Skeletal muscle conveys the beneficial effects of physical exercise but due to its heterogeneity, studying the effects of exercise on muscle fibres is challenging. Here, the authors carry out proteomic analysis of myofibres from freeze-dried muscle biopsies, show fibre-type specific changes in response to exercise, and show that the oxidative and glycolytic muscle fibers adapt differentially to exercise training.

Here the authors show that lipid exposed surfaces of protein sequences in membrane-embedded Respiratory Complexes experience selection pressure due to cardiolipin unsaturation. This highlights the role of lipid-protein interactions in evolution, and their possible roles in mitochondrial diseases.

Development of diamond-based quantum and electronic technologies requires heterogeneous integration, which has remained challenging. This work realizes direct bonding of single crystal diamond membranes to a broad range of technology-relevant substrates while maintaining quantum coherence for hosted qubits.

Understanding how oil supply-side policies affect extraction, emissions and communities is important for the design of decarbonization pathways. Here the authors take a modelling approach to characterizing 2020–2045 decarbonization scenarios from various policies applied to California’s oil extraction.

By stimulating the His–Purkinje network directly, His bundle pacing results in synchronized, physiological ventricular activation, which might improve clinical outcomes compared with the use of right ventricular apical pacing. Sharma and colleagues summarize early clinical observations, implantation techniques and outcome data with permanent His bundle pacing.

Unimolecular integration of NMDA receptor antagonism with GLP-1 receptor agonism effectively reverses obesity, hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia in rodent models of metabolic disease.

Statins are effectively used to prevent and manage cardiovascular disease, but patient response to these drugs is highly variable. Here, the authors identify two new genes associated with the response of LDL cholesterol to statins and advance our understanding of the genetic basis of drug response.

Avoiding the most damaging land use and freshwater impacts of solar PV, wind, and hydropower development while halving carbon emissions by 2040 in the Southern Africa region is not only possible but incurs only modest (3-6%) system cost increases.

Izar and colleagues demonstrate that loss of Pip4k2c in melanoma cells promotes liver metastatic tropism driven by PI3K-AKT pathway activation in the insulin-rich liver milieu, which can be abrogated by inhibition of SGLT2 or a ketogenic diet.

Temporal multi-omic analysis of tissues from rats undergoing up to eight weeks of endurance exercise training reveals widespread shared, tissue-specific and sex-specific changes, including immune, metabolic, stress response and mitochondrial pathways.

Direct growth of large-area graphene on dielectric substrates is a promising route to wafer scale integration. Here the authors use a rapid thermal annealing process to grow graphene layers on four-inch diameter polycrystalline diamond, eliminating the need for transfer.

South Asia is home to almost 2 billion people but is extremely underrepresented in human genetics. This study uses genomes from ~5,000 South Asians to characterize genetic variation and help facilitate future South Asian genetic studies.

TadA deaminases widely used in many base editors lack post-translational control in cells. Here the authors report a split adenine base editor (sABE) using chemically induced dimerisation (CID) to control the catalytic activity of TadA8e and show this can be used for PCSK9 gene editing in the mouse liver.

A self-amplifying mRNA vaccine shows promise in this new modality by eliciting neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (BA.1) variant in a phase 2/3 trial.

Certain shorelines can be modeled with prediction accuracies comparable to satellite observations, according to benchmarking results using satellite-derived shoreline datasets for model calibration and evaluation.

Piezoelectric nanoribbons are used to monitor the mechanical responses of neuronal cells to electrical excitation.

Lysine27-to-methionine mutations in histone H3 genes (H3K27M) occur in a subgroup of gliomas and decrease genome-wide H3K27 trimethylation. Here the authors utilise primary H3K27M tumour lines and isogenic CRISPR-edited controls and show that H3K27M induces defective chromatin spread of PRC2-mediated repressive H3K27me2/me3.

Targeting resistant stem cells in leukaemia, Perry et al. show that doxorubicin at low doses decreases Akt-mediated β-catenin activity, downregulates expression of multiple immune-checkpoint genes and dampens tumorigenesis of leukaemia stem cells.

Multi-omic single-cell and spatial analyses of lung cancer brain metastases from multiple cohorts identify high levels of chromosomal instability and a neural-like profile in brain metastases compared with primary tumors.

Multipartite entanglement is of both fundamental and practical interest, but is notoriously difficult to witness and characterise. Here, Zarkeshian et al. demonstrate multipartite entanglement in an atomic frequency comb storing a single photon in a Dicke state spread over a macroscopic ensemble.

Many genetic variants have been associated with human traits, but the mechanism is often unknown. Here, the authors integrate local and distal genetic associations with multi-omics datasets to provide a roadmap to understand the underlying mechanisms of GWAS variants on complex traits.

Patrick Ellinor and colleagues report meta-analyses of common and rare variant association studies for atrial fibrillation across multiple populations. They identify 12 new loci, some of which implicate genes in atrial electrical and mechanical function.

A normative digital atlas of fetal brain maturation produced using 1,059 optimal quality, three-dimensional ultrasound brain volumes from 899 fetuses presents a unique spatiotemporal benchmark from a large cohort with normative postnatal growth and neurodevelopment at 2 years of age.

Clinical multi-omics data are integrated and analyzed using a generative deep-learning model.

Experiments on a noisy 127-qubit superconducting quantum processor report the accurate measurement of expectation values beyond the reach of current brute-force classical computation, demonstrating evidence for the utility of quantum computing before fault tolerance.

Using whole-genome sequencing data from 1,739 individuals, the GenomeAsia 100K Project catalogues genetic variation, population structure and disease associations to facilitate genetic studies in Asian populations and increase representation in genetics studies worldwide.

Multiple sclerosis is associated with a deficiency in generation of mature oligodendroctyes; an image-based screen for oligodendrocyte differentiation inducers identified the compound benztropine, which enhances remyelination acting through muscarinic receptors and decreases clinical severity in a multiple sclerosis model system.