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Methods used to date a network of marine sediment cores reveal that rapid retreat of the Ross Ice Shelf was contemporaneous with the lowering of nearby outlet glaciers, implicating warm ocean waters as a driver of Antarctic deglaciation.

The Ross Ice Shelf is the most extensive ice shelf of Antarctica and isolates the underlying ocean from sunlight. Here the authors use multi-omics to unravel the phylogenetic and functional diversity of microbial life in this ecosystem.

The advance and retreat of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet were primarily paced by 41,000-year-long obliquity cycles, not longer eccentricity cycles, until 400,000 years ago, according to sedimentological and palaeomagnetic records from the Ross Embayment.

Here, the authors analysed 1374 single-cell genomes from Subglacial Lake Mercer in Antarctica’s deep biosphere and report that microbes in this habitat are mostly novel and genetically isolated, exhibiting chemosynthetic and heterotrophic lifestyles shaped by oxygen availability.

Currently comprehensive spatiotemporal profiling of Parkinson’s disease remains sparse. Here, authors show that Parkinson’s disease disrupts brain lipids in distinct regions, leading to energy loss in cells and offering new clues for understanding disease progression.

Observations from a borehole in the Kamb Ice Stream suggest that discrete subglacial discharge events dominate channel melt and sediment transport.

As presented at the American Heart Association Conference 2025, patients with chest pain and without obstructive coronary artery disease benefit from treatment informed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance.

The growth of ice on Antarctica about 34 million years ago affected sea level. A combination of modelling and marine sediment analyses shows that sea level near the developing ice sheet first fell and then rose as a result of crustal deformation imposed by the ice growth.

The environmental drivers of species diversity at the global level are difficult to define. This paper, using standardised methodologies, shows that the seasonality of primary production explains marine pioneer metazoan richness comparatively or better than other measures like sea surface temperature.

Sea-surface-temperature proxy data for a period of natural climate warming during the Pliocene are used in this study to show how palaeoclimatic data can help ‘ground truth’ numerical models, increasing the confidence in these same models for projecting future climate.

Free energy calculations have great potential to accelerate drug discovery projects by predicting relative protein–ligand binding affinities. But how accurate are these predictions and how accurate can they become? A recent report assesses the state of the art in such calculations and compares it to experimental approaches.

The strength of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, as traced in sediment cores from the Pacific Southern Ocean, shows no linear long-term trend over the past 5.3 Myr; instead, the strongest flow occurs consistently in warmer-than-present intervals.

The East Antarctic ice sheet is considered to be largely insensitive to temperature changes in the Southern Ocean. Marine sediment records indicate the East Antarctic ice sheet repeatedly retreated by several hundred kilometres during intervals of Pliocene warmth.

GeneAgent is a language agent using large language models and self-verification to improve gene-set function annotation.

A study of several longitudinal birth cohorts and cross-sectional cohorts finds only moderate overlap in genetic variants between autism that is diagnosed earlier and that diagnosed later, so they may represent aetiologically different conditions.

A cross-ancestry meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies association signals for stroke and its subtypes at 89 (61 new) independent loci, reveals putative causal genes, highlighting F11, KLKB1, PROC, GP1BA, LAMC2 and VCAM1 as potential drug targets, and provides cross-ancestry integrative risk prediction.

Recent recession of the Larsen Ice Shelf C has revealed that microbial alteration of illite can occur within marine sediments, a process previously thought to only occur abiotically during low-grade metamorphism. Here, the authors show that such microbial alteration of illite could provide a potential source of Fe release to Southern Ocean waters during Holocene glacial cycles.

This study shows that animal-based high-fat diets accelerate tumour growth and impair anti-tumour response to melanoma in obese mice, whereas plant-based high-fat diets do not.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

There is a need for accurate models to predict disease dynamics by considering the interactions between environment and vector traits. This study finds that incorporating delayed phenotypic plasticity in mosquito traits significantly enhances the accuracy of dengue risk predictions.

In this Stage 2 Registered Report, Buchanan et al. show evidence confirming the phenomenon of semantic priming across speakers of 19 diverse languages.

What is the state of trust in scientists around the world? To answer this question, the authors surveyed 71,922 respondents in 68 countries and found that trust in scientists is moderately high.

An atlas of the substrate specificities for the human tyrosine kinome reveals diversity of motif specificities and enables identification of kinase–substrate relationships and kinase regulation in phosphoproteomics experiments.

Three studies report that ppGpp binds at the interface between the ω-subunit and the β′ subunit of RNA polymerase, suggesting that this nucelotide modulates RNA polymerase activity by an allosteric mechanism.

Atmospheric concentration measurements at remote sites around the world reveal an accelerated decline in the global mean CFC-11 concentration during 2018 and 2019, reversing recent trends and building confidence in the timely recovery of the stratospheric ozone layer.

Most genetic studies have been done on European cohorts, which affects the efficacy of polygenic risk scores in non-European populations. Here, the authors demonstrate that a colorectal cancer PRS including Asian and European ancestries has improved performance over the European-centric PRS across racial and ethnic groups.

The RNA binding protein MUSASHI-2 (MSI2) is a potential therapeutic target for acute myeloid leukemia. Here the authors identify a small molecule inhibitor of MSI2 and characterize its effects in a murine leukemia model.

The cryosphere remains one of the least-understood microbial ecosystems on Earth, but as climate change accelerates, cryosphere microbial communities will have an increasingly prominent role in Earth’s biogeochemical cycles. In this Review, Whyte and co-workers discuss the effects of climate change on cryosphere microbial ecosystems.

Study shows PTSD predisposition shares distinct genes and genomic regions with several cardiovascular conditions. Here the findings reveal neuronal, immune, and metabolic pathways, and repurposed drug targets that further the understanding of the comorbidity.

Literature produced inconsistent findings regarding the links between extreme weather events and climate policy support across regions, populations and events. This global study offers a holistic assessment of these relationships and highlights the role of subjective attribution.

The authors summarize the data produced by phase III of the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project, a resource for better understanding of the human and mouse genomes.

Multi-ancestry genome-wide analyses identify 95 loci associated with post-traumatic stress disorder and implicate candidate genes, pathways and neurobiological systems underlying its pathophysiology.

Genomic studies often lack representation from diverse populations, limiting equitable insights. Here, the authors show that the BIG Initiative captures extensive genetic diversity and reveals ancestry-linked health disparities in a community-based Mid-South cohort.

Neutralizing murine monoclonal antibodies against the Eeastern equine encephalitis virus target the E2 glycoprotein, block infection at a post-attachment stage by inhibiting viral membrane fusion and protect mice from lethal challenge.

Linder et al. show how cancer cells reduce proline biosynthesis through P5CS to cope with glutamine starvation.

In this study, Galbán and his colleagues describe a voxel-wise approach for the quantification of tumor microvasculature properties from perfusion magnetic resonance imaging data. When compared to the standard method of using region of interest analysis of changes in relative cerebral blood flow and volume, the parametric response map approach was found to be more predictive of treatment outcomes and overall survival in individuals with high-grade glioma.

Timothy Frayling, Joel Hirschhorn, Peter Visscher and colleagues report a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for adult height in 253,288 individuals. They identify 697 variants in 423 loci significantly associated with adult height and find that these variants cluster in pathways involved in growth and together explain one-fifth of the heritability for this trait.

Identification of “essential expression-restricted” genes requiring tight regulated for efficient metastasis. Smarcd1 transcript is regulated by Nanos1, Pum2, and CPSF4 to maintain a precise expression range outside of which splicing is altered and metastatic efficiency is reduced.

Federated ML (FL) provides an alternative to train accurate and generalizable ML models, by only sharing numerical model updates. Here, the authors present the largest FL study to-date to generate an automatic tumor boundary detector for glioblastoma.

The North Atlantic biological pump has the most intense absorption of C globally, but how this will fare in light of climate changes (especially sea-ice melting) is poorly understood. Here the authors present a 24-month continuous time series of physical, chemical, and biological observations in the Fram Strait.

Choi et al. highlight the centrality of glycolysis in squamous cell carcinoma, revealing the glycolysis-dampening tumour suppressor role of Sirt6, and identifying a subset of highly glycolytic tumour-propagating cells with elevated antioxidant capacity.

Sequential drinks of crosslinker and polymer solutions form a tough hydrogel in the stomach, enabling delivery of drugs and biologics in this harsh chemical environment.