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The study of cell membrane proteins can be simplified by incorporating them into lipid bilayers, but doing this for multiple proteins can be challenging. Here, the authors present a technique to achieve this, and show reconstitution of a bacterial respiratory chain from individual components.

Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) in Gram-negative bacteria have restricted lateral mobility. Here, Rassam et al. show that the bacteriocin ColE9, via its interactions with OMPs, imposes this restricted mobility on the inner membrane proteins of the Tol-Pal complex.

Nitrile reduction is a simple method for the generation of amines, though successful catalysts use expensive precious metals such as ruthenium. Here, the authors use an iron complex, demonstrating its application in the hydrogenation of nitriles and dinitriles to primary amines.

Stig Bojesen, Georgia Chenevix-Trench, Alison Dunning and colleagues report common variants at the TERT-CLPTM1L locus associated with mean telomere length measured in whole blood. They also identify associations at this locus to breast or ovarian cancer susceptibility and report functional studies in breast and ovarian cancer tissue and cell lines.

Simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and fiber-optic–based calcium recordings in rats allow investigation of the relationship between blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) fMRI signals and the underlying neural activity. The study uncovers prolonged BOLD signal components involving glial activation.

An expanded GWAS of birth weight and subsequent analysis using structural equation modeling and Mendelian randomization decomposes maternal and fetal genetic contributions and causal links between birth weight, blood pressure and glycemic traits.

The lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol-4-OH kinase (PI(4)K) is identified as a target of the imidazopyrazines, a new antimalarial compound class that can inhibit several Plasmodium species at each stage of the parasite life cycle; the imidazopyrazines exert their inhibitory action by interacting with the ATP-binding pocket of PI(4)K.

Prostate cancer cells depend on MTAP, the rate-limiting enzyme involved in the methionine salvage pathway, to cope with increased polyamine biosynthesis. Here, the authors show that inducing upregulation of polyamine biosynthesis and targeting MTAP synergize to increase apoptosis in prostate cancer cells.

Structural rules dictate that water molecules in bulk ice form four hydrogen bonds. Here, using atomistic simulations, the authors show that nanoconfined ice breaks these rules, and adopts a quasi-one-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network instead.

Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies are devastating neurological disorders. Here, the authors establish a cohort of patients with variants in the gene DENND5A and use human stem cells to discover a disease mechanism involving altered cell division.

Lithium dendrite growth in solid-state electrolytes is a significant challenge for next-generation battery development. Here, authors used dark-field X-ray microscopy to investigate dislocations near dendrite tips, suggesting that stress-induced dislocation may influence dendrite branching and material fracture.

Designing efficient bike path networks requires balancing multiple constraints. In this study, a demand-driven inverse percolation approach is proposed to generate families of efficient bike path networks taking into account cyclist demand and safety preferences.

Monolayer water exhibits rich and diverse phase behaviour that is highly sensitive to temperature and the van der Waals pressure acting within the nanochannel.

van der Waals magnetic materials, which retain magnetism down to a single two-dimensional layer of atoms, have great technological potential for spin-based information processing, however, typical approaches to measure their spin dynamics are often hampered by the small number of spins in a single atomic layer compared to three dimensional materials. Here, Zollitsch et al present a methodology for the detection of spin dynamics in van der Waals magnets via photon-magnon coupling between it and a superconducting resonator, with potential to resolve spin dynamics down to a single monolayer.

Reduced glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease. Here, Pattaro et al. conduct a meta-analysis to discover several new loci associated with variation in eGFR and find that genes associated with eGFR loci often encode proteins potentially related to kidney development.

An antibody against the pituitary hormone Fsh reduces adiposity and increases thermogenesis in ovariectomized mice or mice fed a high-fat diet.

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells monitor the bone marrow for apoptotic megakaryocytes (MKs) and deliver IFNα to the MK niche, triggering local on-demand proliferation and maturation of MK progenitors.

The roles of Asgard archaea in soil ecosystems are unclear. In this study, the authors report complete genomes and metatranscriptomic data of Asgard archaea that indicate a role in production and consumption of carbon compounds known to serve as substrates for methane production in wetland soils.

This work describes scEdU-seq for studying replication fork speed in single cells, which enables researchers to investigate variability in replication speed along S phase and its associations with transcription and DNA damage.

Gliotoxin (GT), produced by the pulmonary pathogen A. fumigatus, induces detachment-induced apoptosis (anoikis) of lung epithelial cells and likely promotes invasion. Here, the authors show that GT covalently modifies integrins at the RGD binding site followed by activation of RhoA-ROCK-MKK4/7-JNK signalling leading to Bim-mediated anoikis.

Bacteria adapt their growth rate to their metabolic status and environmental conditions by modulating the length of their G1 period. Here the authors show that an increase in c-di-GMP concentration modulates the activity of kinase ShkA and transcription factor TacA, thus enabling G1/S transition in Caulobacter.

Utility business models are changing to accommodate energy system decarbonization. Here the authors adopt a collaborative business model innovation process to define the business models that utilities are exploring, and then identify consumer segments based on their preferences for these new contracts.

Superconducting quantum processors need to balance intentional disorder (to protect qubits) and nonlinear resonator coupling (to manipulate qubits), while avoiding chaotic instabilities. Berke et al. use the techniques of many-body localization theory to study the stability of current platforms against quantum chaos.

Here the authors structurally investigate elongating human RNA polymerase I at 2.7 Å using cryo-electron microscopy, as well as an RNA polymerase I open complex at 3.3 Å and bound to initiation factor RRN3 at 3.2 Å.

Nutritional modification including fasting has been shown to reduce cardiometabolic risk linked to western diet. Here the authors show implementation of fasting resulted in alterations to the intestinal microbiota, and circulating immune cells, improving blood pressure and body weight in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Seismic amplifications arise from several cycles of circular recombination of circular extrachromosomal DNA formed as a result of chromothripsis. The process provides a mechanism for oncogene amplification in a number of different human tumor types.

Perry et al. demonstrate that regulatory T (T_reg) cell function is restrained by the cell-autonomous action of the checkpoint inhibitor molecule PD-1. This PD-1-dependent mechanism tunes T_reg cell function during homeostasis and infection.

Water’s phase diagram exhibits several hydrogen-disordered phases which become ordered upon cooling, but the behavior of ice VI is still debated. The authors, using high-pressure neutron diffraction, identify structural distortions that transform ice VI into ice XIX, here identified as a hydrogen disordered phase.

Patankar et al. identify E-type prostanoid receptor 4 as a negative regulator of tumour necrosis factor signalling and mixed-lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase activation, thereby suppressing necroptosis of intestinal epithelial cells and promoting resolution of intestinal inflammation.

ALS is somewhat heritable, but the genetic basis is not completely understood. Here, the authors identify alterations in splicing in neurons associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and uncover several associated genetic loci, with a potential link to nuclear pore defects.

Nanofluidic scattering microscopy enables label-free, quantitative measurements of the molecular weight and hydrodynamic radius of biological molecules and nanoparticles freely diffusing inside a nanofluidic channel.

Linking structural variants to gene expression information identifies aberrant signaling pathways.

A deep learning model trained on multiple tumor immune cell stainings from patients with colorectal cancer outperforms currently used clinical and single tumor immune cell staining-based parameters in predicting prognosis. The model can also predict the response to neoadjuvant therapy.

This study reports the cryo-EM structures of AA amyloid fibrils from two patients with vascular AA amyloidosis. The findings imply that different disease variants in systemic amyloidosis are associated with different fibril structures.

Natural hazards exacerbated by climate change pose serious risks to property markets in the United States. Ignoring these risks could create instability in housing values. This research shows the magnitude of unpriced flood risk and who stands to lose from housing prices that reflect climate risks.

Measuring the mass of individual microbial cells remains challenging. Here, the authors present a cell balance to monitor the proliferation of single budding yeast cells under culture conditions in real time, showing that single cells increase total mass in multiple linear segments of constant growth rates.

Continuous-variable QKD protocols are usually easier to implement than discrete-variables ones, but their security analyses are less developed. Here, the authors propose and demonstrate in the lab a CVQKD protocol that can generate composable keys secure against collective attacks.

Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are involved with different immune responses. Here the authors show that Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) is important for intestinal ILC3 accumulation during Citrobacter rodentium infection and promotes release of the protective cytokine IL-22 and response to IL-23.

A new stalagmite record from northern Italy and other published data from Europe and northern Africa reveals a split in the climatological westerlies during the early LIA, possibly attributed to sea ice melting.

Kari Stefansson and colleagues report association of a variant in LINGO1 with risk of essential tremor, a common progressive neurological disease. Mice lacking Lingo1 have impaired axonal integrity, which may be relevant to the pathophysiology of the human disease.

Here the authors use positron emission tomography to visualize fibroblasts in patients with arthritis and combined with spatial transcriptomic data show that these cells undergo a phenotypic shift upon resolution of inflammation. A CD200⁺DKK3⁺ fibroblast subset promotes this resolution by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-17A.

A study investigates subcellular, single-cell and network-level comunication within the astrocyte network in response to the two major neurotransmitter inputs.

An AI-generated small-molecule inhibitor treats fibrosis in vivo and in phase I clinical trials.