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Using cryo-EM and functional analyses of the Arabidopsis Ca²⁺/H⁺ exchanger CAX1, the authors propose an inhibition-release model in which phosphorylation leads to the dissociation of an amino-terminal domain from the transport tunnel to activate CAX1.

The performance of devices based on fully non-fused ring electron acceptors has been limited due to the low acceptor crystallinity. Here, authors report these acceptors with peripheral substituents that guarantee the planarity of the skeleton, achieving efficiency of 18.04% in organic solar cells.

A machine learning approach using long-term observations of eddy covariance finds that the increase in plant intrinsic water-use efficiency under higher CO₂ levels, across diverse ecosystems, is driven primarily by reduction in canopy conductance, rather than by stimulation of gross primary productivity.

Cross-relaxation between neighbouring emitters usually limits the brightness of luminescence due to self-quenching. Here, the authors present single upconversion nanoparticle lasing where the cross relaxation modulates the brightness and ultra-low threshold lasing is achieved.

Gold-nanoparticle-coated titania nanowire arrays subretinally implanted in blind mice and monkeys offer advantages in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity towards the restoration of visual function.

This study reports the genomic changes underlying the convergent and divergent agronomic improvement of the female and male heterotic groups during modern hybrid maize breeding, laying a foundation for the dissection and utilization of maize heterosis.

Magnetic phases that are stabilized by quantum fluctuations in low dimensions are rare. A thickness-dependent crossover from three-dimensional antiferromagnetism to a two-dimensional vestigial nematic state that is driven by fluctuations has now been observed.

Cui, Guo, Liu et al. identify a bacterial species, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, in the gut that produces a tryptophan metabolite and engages intracellular pathways to modulate ferroptosis-suppressor protein 1 activity, thereby suppressing ferroptosis and promoting colorectal cancer development.

van der Waals magnets can be arranged into twisted heterostructures, with the twisting leading to the formation of new magnetic phases. Here, Li, Sun, and coauthors show via NVcentre based magnetometry small angle twisted double trilayer CrI₃ exhibits a co-existing, hybrid magnetic phase with distinct phase transition temperatures.

Bacterial invasion can lead to multiple host cell responses. Here, the authors show that in a model of uropathogenic E. coli, RhoB is upregulated and induces autophagosome formation in a complex with Beclin1 and Hsp90, promoting bacterial clearance.

Urate oxidase (Uox) lost its function during evolution. Here the authors propose an atavistic strategy to treat hyperuricemia by using a proprietary lipid nanoparticle to load Uox mRNA, which reduced the serum uric acid levels effectively in two animal models.

Van Hove singularities (VHS) are believed to exist in one and two dimensions, but rarely found in three dimensions (3D). Here the authors report the discovery of 3D VHS in a topological magnet EuCd₂As₂ by magneto-infrared spectroscopy.

Chlor-alkali process plays an important role in the chemical industry. However, large overpotential and low selectivity of currently used catalysts lead to high energy consumption. Here the authors report Ru-O₄ single site catalysts for chlorination evolution with 1000 h stability at 1000 mA cm⁻² in a seawater-like environment.

Porous materials function as sorbents for gas storage but release of guest molecules often needs extra energy. Here the authors report reversible methanol adsorption and release in a hydrogen-bonded organic framework, which mimics combustible ice behavior but under ambient condition.

Integrated photonic iterative processors provide a novel I/O-efficient computing paradigm for matrix-inversion-intensive tasks, achieving higher speed and energy efficiency than state-of-the-art electronic and photonic processors.

Due to the electrophilic nature of arynes, it is very challenging to control chemoselectivity, when substrates possess multiple competing reaction sites. Here, the authors demonstrate that chemoselective control between two major types of benzyne transformation is accomplished by varying the 3-substituent on aryne intermediate.

Researchers demonstrate a size-dependent lanthanide energy transfer effect in upconversion nanoparticles with depleted surface quenching, resulting in upconversion quantum yields of 13.0 ± 1.3%.

Cold stress hampers rice growth and yield. This paper demonstrates that mitochondrial superoxide plays a key role in cold responses, and identifies a pentatricopeptide repeat protein which modulates mitochondrial superoxide and rice cold tolerance.

Photoexcitation of the electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes are an effective approach to achieve radicals by triggering electron transfer but the catalytic version of EDA complex photoactivation remains underdeveloped. Here, the authors introduce 4-nitrophthalonitrile as an electron acceptor to facilitate π-stacking with electron-rich aromatics to form EDA complexes.

Hydrogen-bonds are widely found in many systems, such as DNAs and supramolecular assemblies, but it remains challenging to detect their dynamics at a molecular level. Here, Zhou et al. study the stochastic arrangement of hydrogen bonds using single-molecule junctions connected to graphene electrodes.

Identifying spatially variable genes (SVGs) is essential for linking molecular cell functions with tissue phenotypes. Here, authors introduce a non-parametric model that detects SVGs from two or three-dimensional spatial transcriptomics data by comparing gene expression patterns at granularities.

Invasion of the gut by oral bacteria in liver cirrhosis.

Little attention has been paid to the fundamental mechanism of molecular self-assembly into crystallised films or wires on surfaces. Here the authors use real time in-situ scanning probe microscopy to monitor the growth trajectories of organic semiconducting films as they crystallize from an amorphous solid state under ambient conditions.

The seismic Gutenberg discontinuity has long been associated with the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary, yet the physical explanation of what is causing the discontinuity remains debated. Here, the authors report geochemical evidence, including Mg isotopes, and suggest that melting of recycled crust is responsible for the Gutenberg discontinuity.

More than 100 risk loci for schizophrenia have been identified by genome-wide association studies. Here, the authors apply an integrative genomic approach to prioritize risk genes and validate GLT8D1 and CSNK2B as candidate causal genes by in vitro studies in neural stem cells.

Thymocytes are screened by two processes, termed positive and negative selections, which are permissive only for immature thymocytes with intermediate avidity to the selecting ligands. Here the authors show that the nuclear receptor NCoR1 suppresses Bim1 to inhibit negative selection and promote thymocyte survival.

A propeptide strategy increases uptake of phosphotyrosine and a nonhydrolyzable analog to facilitate their incorporation into proteins by recombinant methods, aided by a specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase with a reconfigured active site.

Dielectric gels, a new type of polymer-based dielectric material have been designed. The gels achieve a unique combination of ultra-high dielectric constant, low elastic modulus, and excellent transparency, which are extremely challenging or impossible to realize by traditional polymer dielectrics. We have demonstrated the use of the dielectric gel by fabricating a bioinspired tunable lens, the focal length of which can be adjusted by varying the applied voltage. Dielectric gels offer new opportunities for soft robotics, sensors, electronics, optics, and biomimetics.

Minsheng You and colleagues report the whole-genome sequence of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. Their transcriptome analysis from different life stages, together with comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis, provides insights into herbivore evolution and insect adaptation to plant feeding and detoxification.

The HPN-DREAM community challenge assessed the ability of computational methods to infer causal molecular networks, focusing specifically on the task of inferring causal protein signaling networks in cancer cell lines.