Although renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is increasing in incidence and is associated with a poor outcome, there is no molecular test to identify which patients will relapse and who will respond to targeted therapies. In this Review, the authors discuss the biochemical, histological and genetic characteristics of RCC, and why these characteristics have not been translated into a useful prognostic and predictive test for patients with kidney cancer.
- Grant D. Stewart
- Fiach C. O'Mahony
- Dana Faratian
