Disordered mineral metabolism is linked to the increased risk of total and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality seen in patients with chronic kidney disease. In this Review, Goldsmith and Cunningham describe the association between patient outcomes and mineral biomarkers such as phosphate, calcium, parathyroid hormone and vitamin D, and explore how current therapies can be used to probe these relationships and how future trials could be designed to establish their significance.
- David J. A. Goldsmith
- John Cunningham
