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Understanding dynamics of fermionic bound states is important for their potential application in quantum devices. Here the authors study zero temperature dynamics and dissipation of fermions bound on a moving goal-post shaped wire in superfluid ³He-B.

It is difficult to measure the turbulent energy in a classical system as the turbulence contributes only a small kinetic energy compared with the enthalpy of the system. A quantum system, however, such as liquid helium at absolute zero, has zero enthalpy. Added vorticity therefore accounts for the total energy, thus allowing the turbulent energy to be measured directly

Platelet aggregation is associated with myocardial infarction and stroke. Here, the authors have conducted a whole genome sequencing association study on platelet aggregation, discovering a locus in RGS18, where enhancer assays suggest an effect on activity of haematopoeitic lineage transcription factors.

Charles Sawyers and colleagues report that mice expressing a TMPRSS2-ERG fusion develop prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, but only in the context of PI3-kinase pathway activation mediated by either Pten loss or Akt activation. They also find that human TMPRSS2-ERG–positive tumors are enriched for PTEN loss, suggesting that these two events cooperate in human prostate tumorigenesis.

Quantum electrodynamics predicts a rare process in which light is scattered by light. The ATLAS Collaboration reports signs of this elusive effect in the collisions of ultra-relativistic lead ions.

The cell-intrinsic factors that regulate the differentiation of follicular helper T cells remain unclear. Hu and colleagues demonstrate that the transcription factor Foxp1 is critical in inhibiting such differentiation.

A single-cell study integrating data from lung tissues from patients with fatal COVID-19 from Malawi, the United States and Europe identifies shared and distinct immune and inflammatory mechanisms of response.

A single-cell transcriptomic atlas across the lifespan of the mouse, denoted Tabula Muris Senis, provides molecular information about the hallmarks of ageing in a range of tissues and cell types.

A human–SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map highlights cellular processes that are hijacked by the virus and that can be targeted by existing drugs, including inhibitors of mRNA translation and predicted regulators of the sigma receptors.

A transcriptomics study demonstrates cell-type-specific responses to differentially aged blood and shows young blood to have restorative and rejuvenating effects that may be invoked through enhanced mitochondrial function.

The Weyl semimetal Co\(_{3}\)Sn\(_{2}\)S\(_{2}\) exhibits a combination of magnetic ordering with a large anomalous Hall effect. Lachman et al. find an intrinsic exchange bias of this anomalous Hall effect and attribute it to the coexistence of ferromagnetism and spin glass behaviour.

Ten years after the discovery of the Higgs boson, the ATLAS  experiment at CERN probes its kinematic properties with a significantly larger dataset from 2015–2018 and provides further insights on its interaction with other known particles.

Cooling electrons into the microkelvin temperature range is of interest both for practical purposes and fundamental studies, but current demonstrations are limited to small, specific devices. Here, the authors achieve sub-millikelvin temperatures in a large-area, two-dimensional electron gas.

Transdifferentiation has been proposed as an approach for regenerative medicine, but the mechanisms that safeguard cell identity are not well established. Here they identify transcription factors that oppose transdifferentiation and show that knockdown of these genes improves recovery after myocardial infarction.

Plasma levels of liver enzymes provide insights into hepatic function and related diseases. Here, the authors perform a genome-wide association study on three liver enzymes, identifying genetic variants associated with their plasma concentration as well as links to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.

Most of the eastern Antarctic Peninsula’s coastline has undergone uninterrupted advance since the early 2000s due to enhanced near-shore sea ice, according to satellite observations and reanalysis data.

For many neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) risk genes, the significance for mutational burden is unestablished. Here, the authors sequence 125 candidate NDD genes in over 16,000 NDD cases; case-control mutational burden analysis identifies 48 genes with a significant burden of severe ultra-rare mutations.

By integrating time series analyses of transcripts, lipids and metabolites, the authors show that microorganisms in the open ocean partition scarce resources temporally, with different microbial groups expressing nitrogen uptake and assimilation processes at different points throughout the diel cycle.

The current FDA-approved whole blood stabilization method for circulating tumor cell (CTC) isolation suffers from RNA degradation. Here the authors combine hypothermic preservation and antiplatelet strategies to stabilize whole blood up to 72 h without compromising CTC yield and RNA integrity.

Somasekar Seshagiri, James Brugarolas and colleagues report the mutational landscape of 167 non–clear cell renal cell carcinomas (nccRCCs) from multiple subtypes. They identify subtype-specific driver mutations and gene fusions, including ones involving MITF, which result in expression of the anti-apoptotic protein BIRC7 and might thus indicate candidates for treatment with BIRC7 inhibitors.

This study identifies eight significant genetic associations with intrusive reexperiencing of trauma in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from the Million Veteran Program (MVP), a large biobank focused on US veterans.

Neutral homoaromatic hydrocarbons—which possess an interrupted π-system yet display aromatic properties owing to through-space or through-bond interactions—have remained rare as they are typically unstable. Now a class of stable neutral homoaromatic homoannulenes has been synthesized, including one that acts as a photoswitch through a reversible [1, 11] sigmatropic rearrangement.

A modeling study using case and mortality data from the first 8 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States explores five potential future scenarios of social distancing mandates and mask use at the state level, with projections of the course of the epidemic through winter 2021.

Bulk RNA sequencing of organs and plasma proteomics at different ages across the mouse lifespan is integrated with data from the Tabula Muris Senis, a transcriptomic atlas of ageing mouse tissues, to describe organ-specific changes in gene expression during ageing.

The UK Biobank provides data for three depression-related phenotypes. Here, Howard et al. perform a genome-association study for broad depression, probable major depressive disorder (MDD) and hospital record-coded MDD in up to 322,580 UK Biobank participants which highlights excitatory synaptic pathways.

The HIF-2 antagonist PT2399 is tested in mice bearing tumourgrafts derived from human renal cell cancers to demonstrate its efficacy, identify markers of sensitivity and characterize its effects.

Every year, hundreds of people die at sea because of vessel accidents, and a key challenge in reducing these fatalities is to make Search and Rescue (SAR) planning more efficient. Here, the authors uncover hidden flow features that attract floating objects, providing specific information for optimal SAR planning.

Breaking down the endothelial barrier is a hallmark of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Here the authors show that palmitoylation, a post-translational modification of proteins, plays a critical role in altering endothelial function during inflammation, and suggest the targeting of palmitoyl acyltransferase DHHC21 as potential disease therapy.

IRE1 helps mitigate endoplasmic-reticulum stress by cleaving specific mRNAs at a conserved sequence endomotif via regulated IRE1-dependent decay (RIDD). Here the authors discover a more promiscuous IRE1 activity dubbed RIDD lacking endomotif (RIDDLE).

Mutations inCHCHD10 have been recently associated with frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Here the authors study the functions of endogenous CHCHD10 in Caenorhabditis elegans, primary neurons, and mouse, and show that it normally protects mitochondria and synaptic integrity, and retains TDP-43 in the nucleus.

Genome-wide association meta-analyses among 1.4 million individuals identify 318 new risk loci for type 2 diabetes and provide insight into the contribution of these risk variants to diabetes-related vascular outcomes.

Here, using high spatiotemporal resolution light-sheet and fluorescence microscopy, the authors investigate the role of cytoskeletal components on the intracellular transport of Rab11A and influenza virus (IAV) vRNP), and show a preference for Rab11A movement along microtubules that is not essential for IAV vRNP transport.