Search

Single motor neurons in Drosophila are stimulated to show that they direct head movements towards specific postures rather than generating fixed movement vectors, suggesting that the brain controls movements through a continuing proprioceptive–motor loop.

In compounds containing 4f and 5f elements, hidden-order phases exist which are undetectable by many methods, the origins of which are debated. Here, the authors use photoemission and neutron scattering methods to show how such a multipolar-ordered phase emerges due to Fermi surface instability in CeB₆.

The estimation of low energies of many-body systems is a cornerstone of the computational quantum sciences. This paper demonstrates on a superconducting quantum processor that the Krylov quantum diagonalization algorithm is poised to complement its classical counterparts at the foundation of computational methods for quantum systems.

Inborn errors of the alternative NF-κB pathway in humans impair the development of AIRE-expressing medullary thymic epithelial cells, thereby underlying the production of autoantibodies against type I IFNs and predisposition to viral diseases

Disorder leads to localization of electrons at low temperatures, changing metals to insulators. In a superconductor the electrons are paired up, and scanning tunnelling microscopy shows that the pairs localize together rather than breaking up and forming localized single electrons in the insulating state.

PXR is a receptor activated by diverse compounds that triggers detoxification pathways in the cell, and blocking this receptor may increase the effectiveness of certain drugs. Here, the authors present the structural basis of PXR inhibition.

Strong coupling at the limit of a single quantum emitter has not been reported. Here, Santhosh et al.show a transparency dip is observed in the scattering spectra of individual silver bowties with one to a few quantum dots, placing the plasmonic bowtie-quantum dot constructs close to the strong coupling regime.

The naked mole-rat exhibits extreme longevity, resistance to hypoxia and absence of cardiovascular disease. Here, Faulkes et al. identify mechanisms behind these traits by comparing cardiac metabolomes and transcriptomes of naked more-rats to other African mole-rat genera and evolutionary divergent mammals.

The role of germline variation in human cancers is not fully understood. Here, the authors define the landscape of putative deleterious germline variants that abrogate tumor suppressor proteins in advanced urothelial cancer patients.

Cosmic rays flying through superconducting quantum devices create bursts of excitations that destroy qubit coherence. Rapid, spatially resolved measurements of qubit error rates make it possible to observe the evolution of the bursts across a chip.

Dual blockade therapy is currently being trialled for multiple tumour types, but efficacy is variable. Here, the authors use longitudinal proteomics profiling of 22 patients to develop a predictive model of therapy response.

In the phase 2 study LCCC1520 (NCT02690558), clinical activity of pembrolizumab in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin as neoadjuvant therapy in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer has been reported. Here the authors present molecular and immune cellular features associated with response to neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy.

Precise qubit manipulation is essential in quantum computation; however errors can occur from fluctuations in the magnetic field. Wanget al. propose a robust scheme for universal control of qubits in a semiconductor double quantum dot, cancelling leading orders of error in field gradient variation.

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are being evaluated for HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in the setting of vertical transmission. Here, using a macaque model of perinatal SHIV infection, the authors show that PEP for infant macaques within 30–48 h of SHIV exposure is highly effective using either bNAbs or ART.

A photonic experiment demonstrates protective measurements, a type of weak measurements. These make it possible to determine the expectation value of the polarization of a photon from a single measurement.

Mitsuokella jalaludinii and Anaerostipes rhamnosivorans degrade dietary phytate via synergistic interactions in the gut to produce the beneficial short-chain fatty acid propionate.

Detailed molecular studies are required to understand the differences between primary and metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Here, the authors use genomics, transcriptomics and imaging mass cytometry to characterise the molecular profiles of primary and metastatic UTUC, and find that molecular subtypes remain highly conserved.

It remains unclear how rapid antibiotic switching affects the evolution of antibiotic resistance in individual patients. Here, Chung et al. combine short- and long-read sequencing and resistance phenotyping of 420 serial isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected from the onset of respiratory infection, and show that rare resistance mutations can increase by nearly 40-fold over 5–12 days in response to antibiotic changes, while mutations conferring resistance to antibiotics not administered diminish and even go to extinction.

The presence of inactivating mutations in RNF43, a negative regulator of WNT, in tumor cells predicts improved response rates and survival outcomes in patients with metastatic BRAF^V600E colorectal cancer treated with anti-BRAF/EGFR therapy.

Acquired mutations of the gene UBA1 occurring in myeloid cells that result in the expression of impaired isoforms of the enzyme E1 have been described in patients with a severe adult onset auto-inflammatory syndrome called VEXAS. Here the authors profile patients with UBA1 mutations presenting with or without VEXAS disease and show VEXAS disease is characterized by inflammasome activation and monocyte dysregulation.

Atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory skin disease featuring systemic involvement. Here authors show that the two major clinical manifestations of the disease, erythema and papulation, are distinguished by differential interplay between local skin and systemic immunity, uncovered by integrated transcriptomics.

DICER1 syndrome is associated with a predisposition to multiple tumor types. Here, the authors identify and characterize 3 molecular subgroups of mesenchymal tumors with DICER1 mutations.

Faecal carbohydrates, particularly host-accessible monosaccharides, are increased in individuals with insulin resistance and are associated with microbial carbohydrate metabolisms and host inflammatory cytokines.

Toghani, Gupte et al. identify semaphorin 4A as a cell-extrinsic factor that protects myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells from inflammaging, mainly produced by their progeny—neutrophils—and acting via a negative feedback loop.

A secreted protein effector from the fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae has bactericidal properties. It allows the pathogen to modify the root microbiome in tomato and cotton, specifically eliminating plant-protective bacteria, to increase its own virulence.

By using phylogenetic analyses of multiple microdissected samples from both cancer and non-cancer lesions, unique evolutionary histories of breast cancers harbouring a common driver alteration are shown, providing new insight into how breast cancer evolves.

Treatment with anti-PDL1 and anti-CTLA4 in combination with mFOLFOX6 chemotherapy for patients with treatment-naive microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer is safe, shows encouraging progression-free survival and induces a tumor-specific immune response.