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Measuring rhythm priors in 39 participant groups from 15 countries, the authors find that properties of rhythm representations are common across cultures, while variation from place to place related to local musical traditions exists.

This study introduces the Cattle Cell Atlas, a single-cell expression resource including 1,793,854 cells from 59 tissues. Integrative analyses leveraging this atlas provide insights into the biology underlying bovine monogenic and complex traits.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are known to alleviate pain by reducing inflammation. To the contrary, here, the authors show that selective inhibition of the prostaglandin E2 receptor (EP2) in Schwann cells eliminates pain without disrupting the protective and healing functions of inflammation.

Iceberg calving can act as a submarine melt amplifier through excitation of transient internal waves.

Centennial-scale variations in methane carbon isotope ratios are attributed to changes in pyrogenic and biogenic sources that can be correlated with anthropogenic activities, such as varying levels of biomass burning during the period of the Roman empire and the Han dynasty, and changes in natural climate variability.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

Hardcastle and Marshall et al. show that striatal function is domain specific, required for task-related but not spontaneously expressed movements. This functional distinction is reflected in starkly different kinematic codes across the domains.

Achieving phosphorus circularity is a key challenge to realizing sustainable phosphorus use, and recycling is a major route to accomplish this goal. This Review explores global barriers to phosphorus recycling and discusses approaches to overcome the technical, economic and societal challenges in attaining sustainable phosphorus management.

The reason why the surface adhesion of a graphene monolayer is much greater than that of graphene multilayers remains unclear. Here, the authors build a model to show interlayer sliding and fracture mode mixity cause the decrease in adhesion toughness of multilayer graphene.

Immune lymphocyte estimation from nucleotide sequencing (ImmuneLENS) infers B cell and T cell fractions from whole-genome sequencing data. Applied to the 100,000 Genomes Project datasets, circulating T cell fraction provides sex-dependent and prognostic insights in patients.

Multilayer networks have been used to capture the structure of complex systems with different types of interactions, but often contain redundant information. Here, De Domenico et al. present a method based on quantum information, to identify the minimal configuration of layers to retain.

Understanding the growth dynamics of GBMs can help expand therapeutic options. Here, authors use a cross-species computational approach to compare GBM cells to healthy neural stem cells, identifying predictors and modulators of tumour growth, including the Wnt antagonist, SFRP1, which stalls growth in preclinical xenograft models.

Impaired gut barrier function is a central driver of alcohol-related liver disease. This study indicates that the postbiotic ReFerm® improves gut barrier function and reduce liver stiffness and liver fibrosis, suggesting the gut barrier function as a potential treatment target.

High-throughput, single-copy sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 spike in a longitudinal cohort of people with and without HIV infection demonstrates striking intra-host diversity and adaptive evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in people with advanced HIV infection.

Managing power exhaust in fusion reactors is a key challenge, especially in compact designs for cost-effective commercial energy. This study shows how alternative divertor configurations improve exhaust control, enhance stability, absorb transients and enable independent plasma regulation.

Nonselective engagement of GPCR signaling pathways by GPCR-targeting drugs can reduce treatment efficacy and cause side effects. The authors show that signaling selectivity in CB2R can be tuned by reshaping allosteric networks, offering insights for more precise therapies.

Kohio et al. map HIV-1 integration sites across multiple tissues from early infections. The results identify brain-specific patterns and tissue-dependent preferences that may influence HIV persistence and disease risk.

This study uses chromatin tracing to identify alterations in single-cell 3D genome conformation during the progression of Kras-driven mouse lung adenocarcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and proposes Rnf2 as a regulator of the 3D genome.

Using a relatively large and diverse sample of mostly young adults, this study by Banellis, Rebollo and colleagues examines associations between regional stomach–brain coupling and mental health and identifies brain–body dynamics as a potential target for intervention.

Bacterial communities are vital for ecosystem services, but their dynamics and functioning are challenging to predict. This study shows that community dynamics are reproducible, but small initial compositional differences can lead to divergent functional outcomes, highlighting key constraints on predictability.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing data can be used to infer epidemiological parameters, but the impact of the strategy used to select samples on these estimates is rarely considered. Here, the authors produce estimates using different sampling strategies and compare results to those based on case reporting data.

Using well-calibrated statistical methods the authors jointly analyze Undiagnosed Diseases Network genomes, identifying known and novel disease genes. Software is publicly available to support future cross-cohort rare disease discovery efforts.

Authors report MagNet, a plasma extracellular vesicle (EV) enrichment strategy using magnetic beads. Proteomic interrogation of this plasma EV fraction enables the detection of proteins that are beyond the dynamic range of mass spectrometry of unfractionated plasma.

Kao et al. provide insight into the metabolic requirements of IL-17A-producing γδ T cells, offering an actionable target to treat psoriasis by inhibiting fatty acid synthesis.

Enzymes with identical sequences of amino acids can display varying activities when encoded with mRNA with different properties, but why this is the case has been a mystery. Now, it has been shown that synonymous mutations in mRNA alter the partitioning of proteins into long-lived soluble misfolded states with varying activities.

Genetic engineering of a yeast strain provides rare but essential pollen sterols for honeybee colonies.

Generating RNA sequences with improved function remains challenging. Here, authors present an RNA database for RNA structural and functional analysis. They use this database and the RNA generative models to identify RNA mutations that increase the thermostability of a bacterial ribosome.

Designing materials for CO₂ capture under humid conditions is challenging due to the preferential binding of water in most porous adsorbents. Now it has been shown that shape-selective organic macrocycles, identified via bottom-up computational screening, can preferentially bind CO₂ through multiple weak interactions, even in the presence of water.

Cell Neural Networks on Spatial Transcriptomics (CellNEST) deciphers patterns of communication between cells in spatially resolved transcriptomics data and can detect both signals between individual cells and relay networks of communication.

Parametric matrix models (PMMs) are a new class of machine learning methods using parametrized matrices to find implicit governing equations describing data. PMMs excel at making accurate predictions for scientific computing applications.

In a magnetoelectric material, an applied electric field can drive changes in the magnetic order. This feature has profound technology prospects and here, Moody et al demonstrate deterministic control of the direction of magnetic spiral order via an applied electric field in Cu₂OSeO₃.

Disease comorbidity is attracting increasing attention, but the involvement of molecular factors in forecasting risk of a disease in the presence of other diseases is poorly understood. Here the authors build a disease interaction network based on gene expression profile and discover new comorbidity relationships in patient subgroups.

Using sequencing and haplotype-resolved assembly of 65 diverse human genomes, complex regions including the major histocompatibility complex and centromeres are analysed.

This study presents CSNN, a tool leveraging network homophily and training-free graph neural networks with labels as features to predict drug-target-interactions (DTIs). The model is then experimentally validated on a new dataset of 3773 DTIs from a yeast-based screen on 7 human GPCRs.