Search

A convolutional network that approaches the fundamental Cramér–Rao bound is demonstrated to localize a reflective target hidden behind a dynamically fluctuating scattering medium, advancing algorithmic developments in the field of computational imaging.

Homochirality, a key feature of life, has unknown origins. Magnetic mineral surfaces can act as chiral agents, but are only weakly magnetized by nature. Here, the authors report the uniform magnetization of magnetite by an RNA precursor that spreads across the surface like an avalanche.

Plant functional diversity is highly dynamic over time, driven by seasonal cycles and wet–dry periods and varying across biomes, based on an analysis of over 4,000 hyperspectral satellite scenes at the global scale.

Pioneer of powerful tools for sifting data and optimizing device designs.

Imaging through complex media is challenging because scattering results in image blurring. By introducing a fingerprint operator and applying it to the measured reflection matrix, information on a target within a complex medium becomes accessible.

Heart failure can be caused by cardiac fibroblasts replacing myocytes. Here, the authors use functional genomic data from fibroblasts, genetic signals enriched in people with heart disease, and gene perturbation analyses to link disease-associated regulatory elements to protein-coding genes.

Reducing rotational dephasing is a major challenge in ultracold molecules. Here, the authors demonstrate coherent control of three rotational states in ultracold molecules trapped in magic-wavelength optical tweezers, opening prospects towards quantum applications with higher-dimensional systems.

In a randomized, placebo-controlled, stepwise dose-escalation phase 1 trial evaluating a conjugate vaccine against both typhoid and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections, the vaccine was found to be safe and immunogenic in healthy adults.

In this multicentered observational study, Rotavac, an indigenous, monovalent, live, attenuated, oral rotavirus vaccine, had an adjusted vaccine efficacy of 54% and protected against severe gastroenteritis in Indian children during its rollout between 2016 and 2020.

A tree-like arrangement of dichroic mirrors and multiple cameras coupled with an iterative spectral unmixing algorithm enables multispectral imaging of live cells in up to eight spectral channels with diffraction-limited spatial resolution and temporal resolution of 0.3 s for imaging a full cell volume.

US households with heat pumps begin cooling earlier, and this adoption narrows the income-based disparities in cooling. Heat pumps help alleviate energy insecurity, make energy more affordable and make homes more comfortable.

To what degree do the laws of thermodynamics constrain biological function? This work shows that the amount of free energy dissipated by microbes during growth imposes tight constraints on the versatility of their metabolism.

Genome-wide mapping of chromatin interactions reveals various levels of 3D genome organization. Here, the authors develop SNIPER, a computational method for identifying subcompartments using Hi-C data with moderate coverage.

The relationships between ecosystem productivity and plant diversity are complex. Here, the authors show that sites with high productivity typically have reduced species diversity but high functional and phylogenetic diversity, potentially owing to the creation of additional niche space.

Membrane trafficking is essential for organelle biogenesis. Here, the authors discover an alternative assembly of the Commander trafficking complex and show its role in melanosome biogenesis and in a subtype of albinism.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Harnessing the resolving power of space very long baseline interferometry results in a link between 22 GHz H₂O MegaMaser emission and accretion activity in the thin disc around the nucleus of galaxy NGC 4258. The emission regions appear consistent with a periodic magneto-rotational instability in the disc.

Functional diversity and phylogenetic diversity are expected to be positively correlated. Here the authors show that the covariation between these metrics in vascular plant communities around the world is often either inconsistent or negative.

Perineural invasion and cancer-induced nerve injury of tumour-associated nerves are associated with poor response to anti-PD-1 therapy, which can be reversed by combining anti-PD-1 therapy with anti-inflammatory interventions.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

Here, Schuldt et al. collate data from two long-term grassland and forest biodiversity experiments to ask how plant diversity facets affect the diversity of higher trophic levels. The results show that positive effects of plant diversity on consumer diversity are mediated by plant structural and functional diversity, and vary across ecosystems and trophic levels.

Rao and Cai et al. perform a detailed metabolic comparison between primary tumours from patients and their matching xenografts, which identify conserved as well as divergent metabolic patterns.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

The Review discusses recent advances in single-molecule orientation and localization microscopy (SMOLM) along with remaining challenges and promises for future developments of the field.

The JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib has been used for treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and its association with clonal evolution requires further investigation. Here the authors report accumulation of RAS pathway mutations in ruxolitinib-treated myelofibrosis patients, stemming from RAS clonal selection induced by JAK2 inhibition.

Analysis of genomic data from 25 distantly related plant species shows signatures of selection on the same gene families and functions that repeatedly contributed to local adaptation to climate.

Using well-calibrated statistical methods the authors jointly analyze Undiagnosed Diseases Network genomes, identifying known and novel disease genes. Software is publicly available to support future cross-cohort rare disease discovery efforts.

It is difficult to fit mechanistic, biophysically constrained circuit models to spike train data from in vivo extracellular recordings. Here the authors present analytical methods that enable efficient parameter estimation for integrate-and-fire circuit models and inference of the underlying connectivity structure in subsampled networks.

Zaza and colleagues demonstrate that DNA-PAINT on a spinning disk confocal microscope with optical photon reassignment enables high-resolution imaging across large fields and imaging depths, resolving nanoscale protein organisation in both cells and tissues.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

The establishment of marine reserves in areas previously exploited by humans is recognised as an effective conservation tool. Through modelling effects of isolation from human influence, D'agata et al. show that marine reserves fall short of supporting key ecological values compared with wilderness areas.

Cationic polymers conventionally kill bacteria via physical membrane disruptions. Here, the authors report the development of carbon acid cationic polymers that show potent activity against multidrug-resistant strains in murine infection models and prevent bovine mastitis, and present evidence that these polymers translocate across bacterial membrane aided by N-heterocyclic carbene.

The authors analyze rare coding variants in 1990 individuals with congenital kidney anomalies, finding diagnostic variants in 14.1% of cases. They identify two new causal genes, ARID3A and NR6A1, along with 38 candidate genes, providing evidence for shared genetics with other developmental disorders.