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Evaluation of the efficiency of land-use changes and their effect on global carbon storage shows that several land-use and consumption choices relevant to climate policy have greater implications than previously thought.

The secretory pathway is used in the production of most biopharmaceuticals, but the associated biosynthetic costs are little understood. Here, the authors integrate the core secretory pathway into genome-scale metabolic models of human, mouse, and CHO cells, enabling in silico analysis.

The metabolic alterations underpinning aging processes and mortality in humans are not well understood. Here, the authors show that differences in levels of nucleosides, amino acids, and several lipid subclasses can predict mortality and longevity.

JWST observations of CH₃⁺ in a protoplanetary disk in the Orion star-forming region are reported showing that gas-phase organic chemistry in the interstellar medium is activated by ultraviolet irradiation and the methyl cation.

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases are proteins involved in the degradation of plant biomass and are promising biotechnological tools for biofuel production. Here, the authors show that their catalytic activity is significantly boosted when they are combined with photopigments and exposed to light.

Bikaverin is a fungal-derived tetracyclic polyketide with antibiotic, antifungal and anticancer properties. Here, the authors employ various pathway engineering strategies to achieve high level production of bikaverin in baker’s yeast.

Extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance genes in Escherichia coli have spread worldwide. Here, the authors dissect the emergence and distribution of these genes over time, and across geographic location and host species, to better understand their dynamics and mechanisms of transmission.

In the interfaces of non-magnetic complex oxides, it is unclear which defects are responsible for the magnetic interfaces. Here, the authors find the B-site cation stoichiometry is crucial for the creation and control of magnetism at the interface between non-magnetic ABO₃-perovskite oxides.

The vitamin D receptor/retinoid X receptor-α heterodimer (VDRRXRα) regulates bone mineralization. Here the authors employ hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) mass spectrometry to study the conformational dynamics of VDRRXRα and give mechanistic insights into how VDRRXRα controls the transcriptional activity of specific genes.

Nyblom, Johnning et al. develop an optical DNA mapping approach for bacterial strain typing of patient samples. They demonstrate rapid identification of clinically relevant E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains, without the need for cultivation.

According to the entatic-state principle, distortions of the coordination geometry of a reacting compound can optimize the energies of starting and final states to improve reaction rates. Here, the entatic-state principle is observed to apply to photoactive copper complexes that have a constrained ligand geometry, resulting in very short charge-transfer state lifetimes.

Highly abundant hydrocarbons in a very low-mass star’s disk are detected using the JWST. This unique chemical composition is probably due to the destruction of carbon grains, and the resulting high gaseous C/O ratio may have a profound impact on the composition of growing exoplanets.

A microcomb source based on a silicon nitride ring resonator is shown to support petabit-per-second data transmission over a multicore optical fibre.

Observations from the JWST MIRI/LRS show the detection of SO₂ spectral features in the 5–12-μm transmission spectrum of the hot, Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b, suggesting that photochemistry is a key process in high-temperature exoplanet atmospheres.

Here, the authors show that the interatomic coupling between two layers of a 2D crystal can be determined by studying the angle-resolved photoemission spectra of a trilayer structure with one aligned and one twisted interface, and obtain the inter-atomic coupling for carbon atoms in twisted trilayer graphene.

TMAO is known to be atherothrombotic. Here the authors show that i) kidney function is the main determinant of serum TMAO, ii) TMAO increases kidney scarring with TGF-β1 signalling and iii) anti-diabetic drugs with reno-protective properties such as GLP1R agonists reduce plasma TMAO.

For many enzymes, it is unknown which primary and/or secondary reactions they catalyze. Here, the authors use machine and deep learning to develop a general model for the prediction of enzyme-small molecule substrate pairs and make the resulting model available through a webserver.

A combined analysis of datasets across four JWST instrument modes provides a benchmark transmission spectrum for the Saturn-mass WASP-39 b. The broad wavelength range and high resolution constrain orbital and stellar parameters to below 1%.

Optical anisotropy in a broad spectral range is pivotal to efficient light manipulation. Here, the authors measure a birefringence of 1.5 in the infrared range and 3 in the visible light for MoS₂.

Point defects compromise the electronic performance of hybrid perovskites, yet no experimental identifications have been reported. Here, the authors, for the first time, identify lead monovacancy defect in MAPbI3 using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy with the aid of density functional theory.

The fast radio burst FRB 20200120E is shown to originate from a globular cluster in the galaxy M81, and may be a collapsed white dwarf or a merged compact binary star system.

Graphene doped to the Dirac point can be used to detect signals from 90 to 700 GHz, and prospectively across the entire terahertz range, with high sensitivity. Such a sensor could be used in next-generation space-based telescopes, promising quantum-limited detection that surpasses superconducting technologies.

The JWST MIRI transmission spectrum of WASP-107b, a transiting planet with Neptune-like mass and Jupiter-like radius, shows observations of sulfur dioxide and silicate clouds but no methane in its atmosphere, providing evidence of disequilibrium chemistry and active photochemistry.

Mutations in CHCHD10 can cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. The authors generate mutant Drosophila and HeLa cells to study the underlying mechanisms of CHCHD10S59L -induced degeneration and show it is mediated by TDP-43 and PINK1 pathways.

Synthetic biologists often co-opt heterologous parts to affect new functions in living cells, yet such an approach has rarely been extended to structural components of the ribosome. Here, the authors describe generalizable methods to express ribosomes from divergent microbes in E. coli and maximize their function.

Staphylococcus aureus utilizes its type VII secretion system to export a nuclease that targets non-immune bacterial competitors.

The electronic band structure of atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides is strongly sensitive to the number of layers, resulting in modified light emission. Here, the authors investigate the cryogenic emission from bilayer WSe₂ to identify the role of momentum-indirect excitons for its optical response.

The understanding of the magnetisation evolution upon femtosecond optical pumping remains elusive. The authors perform resonant X-ray magnetic scattering measurements and multiscale simulations that reveal rapid magnetic order recovery in ferrimagnets via nonlinear magnon processes.

The ionisation fraction of protostellar jets is key to establish their true energetics. Here, the authors determine it in a jet from a high-mass young stellar object, using multi-wavelengths observations, confirming that the ionising mechanism giving rise to the radio emission originates from shocks.

High-time-resolution observations of the repeating fast radio burst source FRB 20180916B reveal changes to the polarization properties of the emission on timescales of a few microseconds, indicating an origin in the source magnetosphere.

Nonlinearity enhancement in different materials is relevant for many scientific applications. Here the authors demonstrate pulse modulation in the UV regime due to polariton-based nonlinearity in an AlInGaN waveguide structure, including at room temperature.

The range of timescales and luminosities measured from the nearby fast radio burst FRB 20200120E observationally connects these extreme extragalactic transients with studies of Galactic neutron stars.

High-frequency measurements at low temperatures typically require connecting external sources to the device using bulky, lossy, and expensive RF cables. To address this issue, the authors present on-chip Josephson junction arrays that generate GHz-range microwaves with a tuneable frequency controlled by a DC bias voltage. This offers a compact, efficient alternative for high-frequency applications.

Multidimensional time- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy is used to determine the interlayer exciton formation process, reveal a direct hallmark of the superlattice moiré modification, and reconstruct the real-space wavefunction distribution.

A periodicity of roughly 16 days is detected for the fast radio burst 180916.J0158+65, suggesting that the burst arises from a periodically modulated mechanism instead of a cataclysmic or sporadic process.

The performance of solid-state quantum devices is often affected by low-frequency noise that appears to arise from the presence of two-level defects. Here the authors show that surface spins that cause magnetic noise are an origin of dielectric noise in superconducting resonators.

Only one repeating fast radio burst has been localized, to an irregular dwarf galaxy; now another is found to come from a star-forming region of a nearby spiral galaxy.

Experiment based on knocking out an alpha particle from a high-energy helium isotope shows a resonance-like structure that is consistent with a quasi-bound tetraneutron state existing for a very short time.