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Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies 58 independent risk loci for major anxiety disorders among individuals of European ancestry and implicates GABAergic signaling as a potential mechanism underlying genetic risk for these disorders.

Jin et al. discovered Atlantic grey seal milk contains 332 complex sugars, including 166 novel structures. Seal milk rivals human milk complexity, includes giant molecules up to 28 sugar units, changes during lactation, and shows immune-boosting effects.

Although Tc toxins are a major class of bacterial toxin translocation systems, little is known about their receptor binding. Here, the authors identify heparins/heparan sulfates and Lewis antigens as receptors for different Tc toxins, determine cryo-EM structures of three toxin-glycan complexes and propose a two-step cell adhesion mechanism for Tc toxins.

European Commission's former chief scientific adviser, Anne Glover, also among those honoured by the Queen.

The synthesis of unprotected C-heteroaryl glycosides is challenging because of the lack of methods to utilize native saccharides as substrates. Now these compounds, capped as redox-active glycosyl sulfide donors, undergo C–C coupling with N-heteroarenes through a photoinduced, thiyl radical-mediated reaction with control over the chemo-, site- and stereoselectivity.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

Thermal imaging lenses are typically made from expensive materials such as germanium and silicon. Here, the authors synthesise a sulfur-based polymer with high mid-wave infrared and long-wave infrared transparencies, presenting a high-performing, low-cost alternative to traditional thermal imaging lens materials.

Post-translational site-selective formation of boronoalanine in proteins enables applications of boron for binding partner capture, footprinting of interactions with reactive oxygen species, proteolytic control and mapping of transient structures.

Kallies and colleagues examine the role of the chromatin regulator SATB1 in CD8⁺ T cell differentiation during viral infection and cancer. They show that SATB1 is a negative regulator of exhausted CD8⁺ T cell expansion and effector differentiation.

Exploration of the chemistry of allylic, benzylic, propargylic and allenylic oxonium ions is lacking despite the latest developments in onium ion chemistry. Now, a unified approach for the synthesis and NMR spectroscopic characterization of these unusual species is reported, helping to understand their reactivity.

Quantifying ecosystem dynamics is critical in the face of rapid environmental change. This study uses airborne eDNA to quantify changes in organism abundances across the tree of life and reveal a regional decline in biodiversity over three decades.

Climate change can alter when and how animals grow, breed, and migrate, but it is unclear whether this allows populations to persist. This global study shows that shifts in seasonal timing are key to helping vertebrate species maintain population growth under global warming.

GlyContact enables systematic analysis of glycan 3D structures, revealing how structural properties like flexibility and surface accessibility determine lectin binding and introducing AI models to predict structural features directly from sequences.

Genomic analyses applied to 14 childhood- and adult-onset psychiatric disorders identifies five underlying genomic factors that explain the majority of the genetic variance of the individual disorders.

The interface between two oxide materials can play host to numerous exotic phenomenon. Here, the authors observe a four order of magnitude change in the conductance at a lanthanum-aluminate–strontium-titanate interface controlled by surface protonation, which can be reversed by exposure to light.

Mapping of the neutrophil compartment using single-cell transcriptional data from multiple physiological and patological states reveals its organizational architecture and how cell state dynamics and trajectories vary during health, inflammation and cancer.

The capturing of high valent iron in a catalytic reaction is important but difficult task. Here, the authors report identification of a high-valent Fe(IV)-species with different spectroscopic tools such as Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy during the course of an oxygen evolving reaction.

Coordination-induced bond weakening (CIBW) by redox-active metals is used to weaken bonds in water and ammonia to facilitate proton-coupled electron transfer but achieving CIBW using aluminium as abundant metal is challenging. Here, the authors report a system that uses aluminum with a redox non-innocent ligand to achieve CIBW of O-H and N-H bonds.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Modulation of random heteropolymers results in globular polymer clusters with catalytic activity mimicking proteins.

Wei et al. perform spatial transcriptomic profiling on synovial tissue biopsy samples from individuals with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis, finding TGFβ signaling and fibrogenic fibroblast activation drive a treatment-refractory tissue phenotype.

A wireless, minimally invasive emergency rescue device is developed for the active burst-release of stable particulate forms of peptide and hormone drugs into subcutaneous sites in mice.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

A galvanic strategy enables the intercalation of diverse molecular cations into bulk and few-layer van der Waals crystals under mild conditions, yielding 50 organic–inorganic superlattices. This method enables the definition of vertical and lateral intercalation heterostructures, opening avenues for the device integration of hybrid quantum materials.

Respiration enhances cerebrospinal fluid flow through mechanical and autonomic pathways. Inhale length and diaphragm motion influence its displacement and net flow, identifying a modifiable, noninvasive mechanism relevant to brain homeostasis.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

The synthesis, structure and reactivity of room-temperature-stable [Cp(C₆F₅)₅]⁺[Sb₃F₁₆]⁻ is presented. Coordination of the cyclopentadienyl cation by [Sb₃F₁₆]⁻ or C₆F₆ stabilizes the antiaromatic singlet state in the solid state. Calculated hydride and fluoride ion affinities of the [Cp(C₆F₅)₅]⁺ cation are higher than those of the tritylium cation [C(C₆F₅)₃]⁺.

Here the authors provide an explanation for 95% of examined predicted loss of function variants found in disease-associated haploinsufficient genes in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), underscoring the power of the presented analysis to minimize false assignments of disease risk.

This Consensus Statement provides a definition of the term ‘gut health’, as well as a discussion of the relevant domains that contribute to gut health and a framework for appropriate use of the term in the context of therapeutic interventions.

Carbonyl–olefin metathesis reactions are a valuable tool in synthetic chemistry, but there are still some limitations in scope. Now, a catalyst system allows the activation of previously unreactive substrates for such a reaction by aluminium(iii)–ion pairs acting as Lewis acidic superelectrophiles.

An effective CRISPR RNA occlusion strategy enhances mismatch detection when using Cas13.

Asexual-to-sexual switching underpins malaria transmission. Prajapati et al. identify an AP2-G loss-of function mutation and use it as a genetic tool to show that GDV1 is essential for initial ap2-g activation and sexual commitment initiation.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Using data from a single time point, passenger-approximated clonal expansion rate (PACER) estimates the fitness of common driver mutations that lead to clonal haematopoiesis and identifies TCL1A activation as a mediator of clonal expansion.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

As the structure of bulk aluminium chalcogenides is composed of three dimensional networks their molecular congeners exhibit a strong tendency to oligomerize. Here, the authors describe the isolation of a monotopic aluminium telluride and probe its structural and bonding characteristics.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

The authors identify pathogenic variants in the SMARCA1 gene as the cause of a variable neurodevelopmental disorder. Mouse studies suggest diverse genetic mechanisms related to NURF complex composition mediate the phenotype.

Determining the covalency of actinide chemical bonding is a fundamentally important challenge. Here, the authors report a ¹⁵N nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of a terminal uranium-nitride, revealing exceptional NMR properties and covalency that redefine ¹⁵N NMR parameter space and actinide chemical bonding.