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This paper analyzes climate change mitigation potential of forest management practices under wood demand scenarios, finding that increasing wood use can be beneficial only with increased productivity and use efficiency.

Gold has both economic and cultural significance to human societies but, as Liang Zhang and David Groves explain, we owe its presence in the Earth’s crust to repeating cycles of plate tectonics.

Old trees have many ecological and socio-cultural values that affect their survival. Species with greater potential height, smaller leaf size and diverse human utilization attributes had the highest probability of long-term persistence.

The process of protein crystallization is poorly understood and difficult to program through the primary sequence. Here the authors develop a computational approach to designing three-dimensional protein crystals with prespecified lattice architectures with high accuracy.

A novel theoretical framework reveals how topography surrounding rivers causes dramatic changes in their courses, with implications for natural hazard prediction, particularly in the Global South.

Most models for volcanic tremor rely on specific properties of the geometry, structure and constitution of volcanic conduits as well as the gas content of the erupting magma. Here, a model is used of a silicic magma rising in a conduit as a columnar plug to demonstrate that, for most geologically relevant conditions, the magma column will oscillate or 'wag' against the restoring force of a highly vesicular annulus of sheared bubbles at observed tremor frequencies. The frequencies produced are relatively insensitive to the conduit structure and geometry.

Boninite lavas are erupted during the early stages of subduction, however they have previously been found only in the ancient geological record. Discovery of an active boninite eruption shows that abundant volatile gases derived from the subducting slab drive this violent eruptive activity, even in the deep sea.

Analysis of ancient human DNA from the Swahili coast reveals that predominantly African female ancestors and Asian male ancestors formed families after around ad 1000 and lived in elite communities in coastal stone towns.

This Perspective reviews tools developed over the past five years in the macromolecular modeling, docking and design software Rosetta.

A new formation mechanism is proposed to explain the presence and characteristics of “cap carbonates”: enigmatic rocks leftover from Snowball Earth events, during which Earth was globally ice-covered for millions of years in the distant past.

There is no universal model for large earthquake recurrence, and an ensemble forecasting approach is desirable when dealing with paleoseismic records with few data points and large measurement errors.

The authors introduce the term demographic competence to describe the ability of a host population to maintain endemic infections, and use models to explore the interaction between population regulation and host–pathogen life history traits.

Detecting amyloid deposits in tissue with Congo red can be limited by several factors, which can potentially lead to false diagnoses. Here, the authors use virtual birefringence imaging and virtual Congo red staining using autofluorescence of label-free human tissue, highlighting amyloid deposits in a consistent manner.

Ticks transmit a large number of pathogens that cause human diseases. Here, the authors sequence the genome of the tick Ixodes scapularisand uncover expansion of genes associated with parasitic processes unique to ticks and tick-host interactions.

From identifying disputed artworks to reconstructing lost masterpieces, artificial intelligence is enriching how we interpret our cultural heritage.

The route of vaccine administration is known to effect the induction of immune response and the quality of such immunity. Here the authors show that intradermal but not intramuscular vaccination using live-attenuated vaccinia-based SHIV vaccine confers protection in the SHIV model in female macaques and characterise the induced immune response.

After rats were trained to fear a sound, they showed less fear when another rat was nearby and this calming effect lasted when the other rat was removed. Both reductions required oxytocin signaling from the hypothalamus to the central amygdala.

Archaeogenetic study of ancient DNA from medieval northwestern Europeans reveals substantial increase of continental northern European ancestry in Britain, suggesting mass migration across the North Sea during the Early Middle Ages.

A novel model for submarine tephra dispersal by hydrothermal megaplumes is proposed. The energy flux inferred from our model aligns with megaplume observations, and suggests that the catastrophic release of hot crustal fluids, as opposed to lava heating, is responsible for megaplume generation.

The behaviour of airborne fine ash during explosive volcanic eruptions is poorly understood. Here, the authors study hail formation during an eruption, proposing a mechanism of particle aggregation that leads to the fallout of fine ash and the occurrence of concentrically layered aggregates in volcanic deposits

Performing multiple histological stains on a biopsy can be costly and time consuming. Here the authors present a method for the digital transformation of H&E stained tissue into special stains (e.g., PAS, Masson’s Trichrome and Jones silver stain), and demonstrate that it improves diagnoses over the use of H&E only.

Honeybees are used for crop pollination but also spill over into nearby natural habitats. Here, the detrimental effects of this spillover on wild plants and pollinators are documented.

The presence and mobility of metal-rich sulfides in lower crustal magma chambers can act as a gateway for metals to be trapped, or released into ascending magmas that are then able to form upper crustal porphyry copper and gold deposits.

When communicating psychological intervention research, two pernicious tendencies have become prominent: using imprecise terms with lay meanings and sensationalizing outcome descriptions. This Comment examines the consequences of these communication styles and proposes strategies for effective communication, ensuring enthusiasm does not come at the cost of credibility.

A General Agreement on Climate Change would accommodate the diverse and changing interests of nations as they seek to slowglobal warming alongside other socioeconomic objectives

The population history of Europe is complex and its very north has not yet been comprehensively studied at a genetic level. Here, Mittnik et al. report genome-wide data from 38 ancient individuals from the Eastern Baltic, Russia and Scandinavia to analyse gene flow throughout the Mesolithic and Bronze Age.

This systematic review examines the evidence on whether and how hormone therapy for transgender people influences psychosocial functioning. Overall, the strongest evidence was found for reductions in depressive symptoms and psychological distress after hormone therapy.

A clinical language model trained on unstructured clinical notes from the electronic health record enhances prediction of clinical and operational events.

A new amniote phylogeny excludes varanopids as stem-line mammals, nests Parareptilia within Diapsida and suggests that temporal fenestration evolved fewer times than previously thought.

Little is known about the genetic landscape of people living in the Nile region prior to the Islamic migrations of the late 1st millennium CE. Here, the authors report genome-wide data for 66 ancient individuals to investigate the genetic ancestry of a Christian Period group from Kulubnarti.

The authors present a high-resolution palaeomagnetic record for a Late Cretaceous limestone in Italy. They claim that their record robustly shows a ~12° true polar wander oscillation between 86 and 78 Ma, with the greatest excursion at 84–82 Ma.