Search

The transcriptional regulator PRDM15 is expressed at low levels in normal tissues but overexpressed in B-cell lymphomas. Here, the authors show that PRDM15 depletion does not affect adult somatic cell homeostasis but leads to a metabolic crisis which impairs B-cell lymphomagenesis.

Quantum electrodynamics predicts a rare process in which light is scattered by light. The ATLAS Collaboration reports signs of this elusive effect in the collisions of ultra-relativistic lead ions.

Experiments at the Joint European Torus tokamak show improved thermal ion confinement in the presence of highly energetic ions and Alfvénic instabilities in the plasma.

Rebecca Fitzgerald and colleagues used genome sequence analyses to study the progression from premalignant Barrett's esophagus to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and found that the majority of recurrently mutated genes in EAC were also mutated in precursor lesions and that only mutations in TP53 and SMAD4 were stage specific.

Environmental variability is one potential driver of behavioural and cultural diversity in humans and other animals. Here, the authors show that chimpanzee behavioural diversity is higher in habitats that are more seasonal and historically unstable, and in savannah woodland relative to forested sites.

Genome-wide analysis identifies 32 loci associated with breast cancer susceptibility, accounting for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status and tumor grade.

Although micro(mi)RNA-based post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms have been implicated in the assembly and modulation of synaptic connections, few miRNAs have been identified that control synapse formation. Here, authors performed an unbiased screen for novel regulators of synapse morphogenesis at the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction and discovered that miR-34 inhibits Nrx-IV to influence active zone formation, whereas, postsynaptic miR-34 inhibits Hts to regulate the initiation of bouton formation from presynaptic terminals.

Radiating seismic waves can generate tremor on faults that are far away from the original earthquake source. Analysis of seismic wave data from the San Andreas fault reveals episodes of tremor, triggered by far-off earthquakes, which record a prolonged creeping of the fault that could potentially trigger another earthquake.

Differential gene expression experiments yield quantitative insight into biological activity and may be important in disease classification and treatment. Here, the authors analyse external spike-in RNA controls to provide a standard method to assess and compare experiment performance.

The segmentation motor activity of the small intestine is believed to be a result of alternating inhibitory and excitatory neural activity. Huizinga et al.show that the segmentation motor pattern is in fact a result of phase–amplitude interactions of slow-wave activities generated by two networks of interstitial cells of Cajal.

End-stage kidney disease confers a high risk for severe COVID-19 infection. Using an at-risk group (end-stage kidney disease patients with COVID-19), authors using RNA-sequencing of immune cells and plasma proteomic profiling to investigate the host response to viral infection.

In a new study including 200 families who experienced perinatal death, adding genomic analyses to standard autopsies improved the identification of underlying pathogenic causes and informed genetic counseling.

A new study shows that tropical silvopasture systems can provide significant cooling services for local communities, and identifies where these silvopasture systems can most effectively counteract global climate change to help communities adapt to warming.

Genome-wide association studies have identified regions which confer risk of high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer. Here the authors use expression quantitative train locus analysis to identify candidate genes and functionally characterise them, identifying a role for HOXD9 in ovarian cancer.

Here, the authors employ Raman-Activated Cell Sorting (RACS) and metagenomics to identify organisms that can forage on O-glycan monosaccharides in the mouse gut, which they use to construct a bacterial consortium able to reduce Clostridioides difficile colonization based on competition for mucosal sugars.

The human serum protein apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) is taken up by trypanosomes where it triggers cell death, forming pores in endolysosomal membranes. Vanwalleghem et al.show that APOL1 triggers both lysosomal and mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, and that the latter is responsible for trypanolysis.

Materials that demonstrate long-range magnetic order are synonymous with information storage. Here, the authors report the effect of pressure on two mononuclear rhenium compounds that exhibit long-range magnetic order under ambient conditions via a spin canting mechanism, whereT_cis proportional to pressure.

While phosphorene is an exciting new 2D material, techniques to produce it in large quantities in a stable, processable form are lacking. Here, the authors achieve this using liquid phase exfoliation and demonstrate the resultant nanosheets to be useful in a number of applications.

J191213.72-441045.1, the second white dwarf pulsar system found, is a binary that comprises a white dwarf in a 4.03 h orbit with an M dwarf. The system exhibits pulsed emission with a period of 5.30 min and was detected at wavelengths from radio to X-rays.

Most grade II and grade III gliomas, as well as the secondary glioblastomas that arise from these tumors, possess point mutations that affect the substrate binding site of isocitrate dehydrogenase. These mutations are essentially unique to gliomas, seem to represent an early step in gliomagenesis, and confer a favorable prognosis.

The role of permanent versus transient crustal stress changes in triggering earthquakes is debated. Analysis of the stress imparted by the Joshua Tree and nearby Landers earthquakes in California in 1992 implies that a permanent drop in stress can halt aftershocks, so such static stress changes should be incorporated into seismic-hazard assessments.

The circadian clock can affect pathogen replication, but underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Here the authors demonstrate that the circadian components BMAL1 and REV-ERBα affect entry of hepatitis C virus (HCV) into hepatocytes and genome replication of HCV and related flaviviruses dengue and zika.

Full analysis of two microbial genomes points towards complete catalogues of virulence and disease genes while tracking the course of evolution.

Glucose–insulin feedback can reactivate PI3K in tumours treated with PI3K inhibitors, reducing therapeutic efficacy, but this effect can be reduced by using drugs or diet to suppress the insulin response.

The [4Fe4S]²⁺ cluster-containing DNA-repair enzyme MUTYH helps safeguard the integrity of Watson–Crick base pairing and the human genetic code. The MUTYH [4Fe4S]²⁺ cluster mediates DNA redox signalling and DNA lesion identification. Now, a MUTYH pathologic variant associated with catastrophic [4Fe4S]²⁺ cluster redox degradation, impairment of DNA signalling and human colonic tumorigenesis has been identified.

The activity of several protein kinases is increased upon cellular production of reactive oxygen species, which can cause cysteine oxidation. Here the authors show that sulfenylation of specific cysteine residues within Src induce local structural changes that directly impact its activation.

Softening in tomatoes is uncoupled from ripening by silencing a pectate lyase, thereby identifying a route to engineering (or breeding) tomatoes with better shelf life and flavor.

Identifying driver genes in unstable, heterogenous tumour types can be challenging. Here, Mourikis, Benedetti, Foxall and colleagues present a machine learning algorithm to tackle this problem in esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Diagnosis of low-grade inflitrating gliomas—a class of brain tumors that includes diffuse astrocytoma, oligoastrocytoma and oligodendroglioma—currently relies largely on histological classification, although molecular discoveries are beginning to generate new paradigms for diagnosis and management. Bourne and Schiff highlight the molecular abnormalities that have been identified in low-grade gliomas, and discuss how factors such as chromosome 1p19q codeletion andMGMTpromoter methylation status are facilitating stratification of patients in clinical trials.

Here, the authors developed an automated, high-throughput method for the sorting of single live cells based on their functional phenotype for downstream genomics or cultivation. Application of the platform to murine gut microbiota samples identified a diverse community of mucin degraders.

It is critical to understand what drives the progression of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) from a pre-cancerous state. Here, the authors use whole-genome sequencing to characterise the mutational processes and drivers of OAC progression from Barrett’s Oesophagus, as well as their prognostic associations.