Single Sn vacancies are dominant in slow solidification speed, while multivacancies are dominant in high solidification speed SnSe crystals. The multivacancies also provide hole carrier to the crystal and are major p-type sources in high solidification speed SnSe crystals especially in polycrystalline SnSe.
- Van Quang Nguyen
- Thi Ly Trinh
- Sunglae Cho