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The quantum noise of Kerr combs is found to exhibit oscillatory lattice dynamics through state transitions, with implications for squeezing and comb formation.

Adding tunable photon-photon nonlinearities to programmable photonic circuits would greatly extend their capabilities. Here, the authors demonstrate this by embedding a photonic-crystal waveguide nanostructure hosting an InAs quantum dot within a programmable linear optical circuit, and using it to realise a proof-of-concept quantum simulation of anharmonic molecular vibrational dynamics.

Non-equilibrium and collective behaviors such as phase transitions in optical systems can lead to interesting applications in photonics. Here the authors demonstrate spectral phase transition in a ubiquitous nonlinear driven-dissipative system, the optical parametric oscillator.

A double-ring-resonator device on thin-film lithium niobate enables the generation of electro-optic frequency combs with a 30% power efficiency and an optical span of 132 nm.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

The formation of ultra-short dissipative quadratic solitons is realized using optical parametric amplification at low pump energies and in the presence of substantial temporal walk-off between the pump and signal.

Here, the authors perform large trans-ancestry fine-mapping analyses identifying large numbers of association signals and putative target genes for colorectal cancer risk, advancing our understanding of the genetic and biological basis of this cancer.

Using a thin-film lithium niobate photonic platform, an electro-optic frequency comb generator is realized that is capable of producing wide and stable spectra, spanning more frequencies than the entire telecommunications L-band.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

A multi-ancestry genome-wide association study meta-analysis, combined with transcriptome- and methylome-wide association analyses, identifies risk loci associated with colorectal cancer. Credible effector genes and their target tissues are also highlighted, showing that over a third probably act outside the colonic mucosa.

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

Combination of epidemiology, preclinical models and ultradeep DNA profiling of clinical cohorts unpicks the inflammatory mechanism by which air pollution promotes lung cancer

What is the state of trust in scientists around the world? To answer this question, the authors surveyed 71,922 respondents in 68 countries and found that trust in scientists is moderately high.

Literature produced inconsistent findings regarding the links between extreme weather events and climate policy support across regions, populations and events. This global study offers a holistic assessment of these relationships and highlights the role of subjective attribution.

The characterization of biomacromolecule structural vibrations has been impeded by a broad continuous vibrational density of states obscuring molecule specific vibrations. A terahertz microscopy system using polarization control produces signatures to dynamically fingerprint proteins and a RNA G-quadruplex.

By applying operant conditioning, behavioral manipulation, in vivo electrophysiology, computational modeling, and closed-loop optogenetics, the authors reveal a mechanism for action timing in mice mediated by the secondary auditory cortex.

Analysis of HbA1c and FPG levels across 117 population-based studies demonstrates regional variation in prevalence of previously undiagnosed screen-detected diabetes using one or both measures and suggests that use of elevated FPG alone could underestimate diabetes prevalence in low- and middle-income countries.

Hospital treatment for children with severe malnutrition may facilitate antibiotic resistance. Here, using rectal swabs from 1,371 children receiving treatment for severe acute malnutrition in Niger, the authors identify high rates of bacteria carrying carbapenemase genes, highlighting the urgent need to prioritize infection control.

An approach for integrating a large number of solid-state qubits on a photonic integrated circuit is used to construct a 128-channel artificial atom chip containing diamond quantum emitters.

Stupar et al. describe a new role for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis two-component system, TcrXY, in the modulation of up to 70 genes, including two effectors, TarA and TarB which mitigate intracellular redox stress.

Optical communication systems have traditionally sent the most information possible through a few spatial channels to minimize cost and maximize density. Energy constraints now compel systems at the longest and shortest distances to employ a new strategy of using more spatial channels, each carrying less data.

Trans-ancestry meta-analysis of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from 1,046,070 individuals identifies 264 associated loci, providing a resource of molecular targets for translational research of chronic kidney disease.

Nonreciprocal optical devices can be designed based on symmetry breaking at singular points associated with non-Hermitian physics. Here, Choiet al. theoretically show that encircling of exceptional points enables the broadband operation and chip integration of such devices.

Indium-doped cadmium oxide performs polarization switching on a subpicosecond timescale.

Dispersive coupling between two optical parametric oscillators induces a first-order phase transition in the system at a critical detuning. This manifests as a discontinuity in the dimer’s spectrum, which may be useful for enhanced sensing.

Analysis of the phase 3 CheckMate 816 trial shows that the depth of pathologic response as assessed by percent residual viable tumor is correlated with event-free survival following neoadjuvant immunotherapy plus chemotherapy, supporting pathologic response as a biomarker of survival.

Ruth Loos and colleagues report a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in 181,171 individuals identifying 14 new loci associated with heart rate and test these for association with cardiac conduction, rhythm disorders and cardiovascular disease. Their experimental studies in Drosophila melanogaster and zebrafish models provide support for a role for 20 candidate genes at 11 of these loci in regulation of heart rate.

On the electrocardiogram, the PR interval reflects conduction from the atria to ventricles and also serves as risk indicator of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Here, the authors perform genome-wide meta-analyses for PR interval in multiple ancestries and identify 141 previously unreported genetic loci.

Developmental disorders (DDs) are more prevalent in males, thought to be due to X-linked genetic variation. Here, the authors investigate the burden of X-linked coding variants in 11,044 DD patients, showing that this contributes to ~6% of both male and female cases and therefore does not solely explain male bias in DDs.

Abnormal PR interval duration is associated with risk for atrial fibrillation and heart block. Here, van Setten et al. identify 44 PR interval loci in a genome-wide association study of over 92,000 individuals and find genetic overlap with QRS duration, heart rate and atrial fibrillation.

Over one hundred loci have been identified to be associated with the familial risk of prostate cancer but the functional effects are poorly understood. Here the authors use single-nucleotide variant and epigentic data to show an underlying genetic architecture marked by histone modification.

Carl June and colleagues report the results of a phase I/II trial of adoptively transferred engineered T cells in patients with advanced multiple myeloma.

Two doses of the coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 boost antibody responses and functions in phase 1/2 trial participants.

Openshaw and colleagues find myeloid inflammation and complement activation signatures in patients with long COVID who were previously hospitalized.

By integrating healthcare and exome-sequencing data from parent–offspring trios of patients with developmental disorders, 28 genes that had not previously been associated with developmental disorders were identified.

Most work on phenological mismatch has focused on temporal trends only. Here, the authors analyse trends in spatial and temporal mismatch between trees, caterpillars and birds in the UK, and find delayed phenology of all species with increasing latitude and little spatial variation in the magnitude of mismatch between caterpillars and birds.

Whole-exome analysis of individuals with developmental disorders shows that de novo mutations can equally cause loss or altered protein function, but that most mutations causing altered protein function have not yet been described.