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Hund’s exchange interaction energy in two-dimensional materials is challenging to extract from experiments. Now, this is achieved in rhombohedral graphene, which allows an estimate of the interactions that drive the variety of correlated states in this material.

Our understanding of the phase diagram of twisted graphene structures is incomplete. Now, twisted trilayer graphene is examined using a technique that locally images quantum oscillations and shows that a nematic semimetal is favoured at low density.

Imaging of quantum oscillations in Bernal-stacked trilayer graphene with dual gates enables high-precision reconstruction of the highly tunable bands and reveals naturally occurring pseudomagnetic fields as low as 1 mT corresponding to graphene twisting by 1 millidegree.

Topological states characterized by Chern numbers are usually considered to be the global properties of a material. Now a spatial patchwork of different Chern insulator states is imaged in twisted bilayer graphene.

Cooling efficiency in thermoelectric devices decreases considerably at lower temperatures. Now thermoelectric cooling at cryogenic temperatures is directly imaged in a van der Waals semimetal.

The ability to wiggle and stretch individual superconducting vortices with nanoscale precision enables unprecedented insight into their dynamics and the properties of the superconductor that supports them.

Nanoscale superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) fabricated on the apex of a sharp tip can provide spin sensitivities that are nearly two orders of magnitude better than previous SQUID sensors.

Interfaces between complex oxides can exhibit diverse emergent phenomena, such as magnetic and superconducting order. Here, the authors evidence the emergence of nanoislands with a thickness dependent transition from superparamagnetic to ferromagnetic behaviour at LaMnO₃/SrTiO₃thin film interfaces.

Nanoscale imaging of edge currents in charge-neutral graphene shows that charge accumulation can explain various exotic nonlocal transport measurements, bringing into question some theories about their origins.

SQUID-on-tip tomographic imaging of Landau levels in magic-angle graphene provides nanoscale maps of local twist-angle disorder and shows that its properties are fundamentally different from common types of disorder.

Imaging studies show that topological protection in the quantum Hall state in graphene is undermined by edge reconstruction with a dissipation mechanism that comprises two distinct and spatially separated processes—work generation and entropy generation.

Vortices in an electron fluid are directly observed in a para-hydrodynamic regime in which the spatial diffusion of electron momenta is enabled by small-angle scattering rather than electron–electron scattering.

A cryogenic thermal imaging technique that uses a superconducting quantum interference device fabricated on the tip of a sharp pipette can be used to image the thermal signature of extremely low power nanometre-scale dissipation processes.

Ultrafast vortex dynamics driven by strong currents define eletromagnetic properties of superconductors, but it remains unexplored. Here, Embon et al. use a unique scanning microscopy technique to image steady-state penetration of super-fast vortices into a superconducting Pb film at rates of tens of GHz and velocities up to tens of km/s.

The microscopic quantum Hall edge currents and the equilibrium currents that generate the mirror magnetic monopoles in time-reversal-symmetry-broken topological matter are directly imaged in the quantum Hall state in graphene by using a SQUID-on-tip.