Biologic agents have now been studied in over 200 randomized controlled trials and 100 subsequent meta-analyses in rheumatic diseases. This Review highlights the shortcomings in the evidence derived from such studies. The authors discuss how the issues identified could be addressed in the future by revisiting trial design and improving reporting of findings; the responsibilities of the regulatory authorities, the pharmaceutical industry and academia are also debated.
- John P. A. Ioannidis
- Fotini B. Karassa
- Edward J. Mills
