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Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an anti-inflammatory drug proposed as a treatment for COVID19. Here the results are reported from a randomised trial testing DMF treatment in 713 patients hospitalised with COVID-19. DMF was not associated with any improvement in day 5 outcomes.

Ten years after the discovery of the Higgs boson, the ATLAS  experiment at CERN probes its kinematic properties with a significantly larger dataset from 2015–2018 and provides further insights on its interaction with other known particles.

High-resolution subnational mapping of child growth failure indicators for 105 low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017 shows that, despite considerable progress, substantial geographical inequalities still exist in some countries.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports a measurement of the ratio of the decay rates of W bosons to τ leptons and muons, in agreement with universal lepton couplings as postulated in the standard model of particle physics.

In this disease mapping study, the authors estimate disability-adjusted life year rates for three of the major causes of mortality for children under five 43 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. They identify significant heterogeneity at the subnational level, highlighting the need for a targeted intervention approach.

From 1980 to 2018, the levels of total and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreased in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe.

The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider reports a search for charged-lepton-flavour violation in decays of Z bosons into a τ lepton and an electron or muon of opposite charge.

The dual IDH1/IDH2 inhibitor vorasidenib exhibited better brain permeability and target engagement than ivosidenib in a pilot perioperative randomized clinical trial in patients with IDH1-mutant glioma.

Dissecting the adaptive exercise response of the neurogenic stem-cell niche in the dentate gyrus by single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveals the molecular mediators that underlie exercise’s protective effects in Alzheimer’s disease.

Nutrient acquisition is crucial for the growth of pathogens within their hosts. Here, Bateman et al. identify a set of proteins required for heme uptake from host hemoglobin and serum albumin in the pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Developmental disorders (DDs) are more prevalent in males, thought to be due to X-linked genetic variation. Here, the authors investigate the burden of X-linked coding variants in 11,044 DD patients, showing that this contributes to ~6% of both male and female cases and therefore does not solely explain male bias in DDs.

DNA methylation analysis is a promising method to detect liver cancer. Here, the authors develop a 5 CpG site signature which can detect HCC at high specificity across multiple cohorts.

In this Review, Obaidi et al. propose that understanding violent extremism requires integration of trait-descriptive models (such as Big Five and HEXACO) with process-oriented frameworks that outline mechanisms in social reactivity, needs and mindsets that make some individuals more at risk for engaging in violent extremism.

A rechargeable aqueous Zn–MnO₂ battery features a combination of favourable sustainability characteristics from safety to cost. The authors deploy advanced characterizations and theoretical calculations to provide fresh insight into the charge storage mechanism, which not only closes an ongoing debate but suggests ways forward.

Whole-genome sequencing of lung cancer in never smokers identifies different copy number subtypes and shows a lack of tobacco smoking signatures, even in cases exposed to secondhand smoke.

Measurements of the inelastic cross section of anti-³He allow the estimation of the transparency of the Milky Way to the propagation of these light antinuclei produced in either cosmic-ray collisions or annihilation of dark-matter particles.

In this work, authors show that randomized water, sanitation, hygiene and nutrition interventions reduced child antibiotic use in Bangladesh (in parallel with high intervention uptake and reduced infections) but not Kenya (in parallel with lower uptake and no effect on infections).

Understanding the mechanism of ionic transport in organic–inorganic halide perovskites is crucial for the design of future solar cells. Here, Eames et al.undertake a combined experimental and computational study to elucidate the ion conducting species and help rationalize the unusual behaviour observed in these perovskite-based devices.

A hexanucleotide repeat expansion of C9orf72 is translated to dipeptide repeat proteins in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia patients. Here the authors generate a C. elegans model of C9orf72-mediated ALS/FTD and show that translation initiation factor eIF2D regulates the dipeptide repeat protein expression.

The direct measurement of the QCD dead cone in charm quark fragmentation is reported, using iterative declustering of jets tagged with a fully reconstructed charmed hadron.

Microglia mediate aberrant synapse engulfment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here the authors show a perivascular cells-to-microglia crosstalk that induces microglia phagocytic state resulting in synapse engulfment in two mouse models of AD.

Reduced glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease. Here, Pattaro et al. conduct a meta-analysis to discover several new loci associated with variation in eGFR and find that genes associated with eGFR loci often encode proteins potentially related to kidney development.

Genome-resolved metagenomics, biogeochemistry, modelling and culture-based analysis reveal that marine bacteria consume H₂ to support growth.

Andrew Morris, Mark McCarthy, Michael Boehnke and colleagues report a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for type 2 diabetes, including 26,488 cases and 83,964 controls from populations of European, east Asian, south Asian and Mexican and Mexican American ancestry. They identify seven loci newly associated with type 2 diabetes and examine the genetic architecture of disease across populations.

An organogel that is based on poly(vinyl alcohol)–sodium borate and contains a percolating conductive network of silver particles and liquid metal microdroplets exhibits spontaneous mechanical and electrical self-healing, as well as an electrical conductivity of 7 × 10⁴ S m⁻¹.

Compliant metastructures lack versatility due to limited programmability and form customizability. In this work, the authors propose a design concept to enhance their reconfigurability, utilizing stiffness-changing materials to create metastructures with up to six degrees of freedom, enabling broader applicability across diverse fields.

The authors show that the cell-penetrating peptide DG9 enhances PMO delivery to skeletal and cardiac muscles via multiple endocytic pathways. DG9-PMO significantly boosts dystrophin restoration and cardioprotection, addressing a key challenge in the therapy of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

It has been proposed that resistance to targeted therapies in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is due to a nonhomogeneous cell population. Here the authors analyse preclinical NSCLC models using single-cell RNA-seq and identify drug tolerant cell states and subpopulations, as well as associated genes.

Applying an electric field to an antiferroelectric material transforms its non-polar crystal structure into a polar one. Here, the authors show that the antiferroelectric transition in zirconia causes a negative capacitance, useful for electronics.