Although immune checkpoint inhibitors can prolong survival in people with clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma, disease progression is frequent. Here, the authors explore potential mechanisms that might drive intrinsic or acquired resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma, including malignant cell-intrinsic and immune-cell factors.
- Femke H. Burgers
- Johannes C. K. van der Mijn
- John B. A. G. Haanen
