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Flow biocatalysis

This Primer highlights the key principles and recent advancements of flow biocatalysis, covering essential reactor designs, immobilization strategies and analytics. Practical industrial examples and guidelines for reproducibility are emphasized, providing newcomers and experts with actionable insights to design, optimize and effectively implement continuous biocatalytic processes.

Emmanouil Broumidis
Pablo Díaz-Kruik
Francesca Paradisi
Reviews18 Sept 2025
Nature Reviews Methods Primers

Volume: 5, P: 1-20
Self-sustaining closed-loop multienzyme-mediated conversion of amines into alcohols in continuous reactions

Alcohols serve as versatile intermediates for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and other valuable compounds. Here, Contente and Paradisi developed self-sustainable biocatalytic flow systems for the conversion of amines into various non-commercially-available and high-value alcohols.

Martina L. Contente
Francesca Paradisi
Research04 Jun 2018
Nature Catalysis

Volume: 1, P: 452-459
A strategic Ser/Cys exchange in the catalytic triad unlocks an acyltransferase-mediated synthesis of thioesters and tertiary amides

Preparative methods for thioester and tertiary amide formation are currently missing in the biocatalysis repertoire. Now, a mutation of serine to cysteine in the catalytic triad of an acyltransferase expands its synthetic capability to generate these compounds while retaining its natural activity towards alcohols.

Martina L. Contente
David Roura Padrosa
Francesca Paradisi
Research30 Nov 2020
Nature Catalysis

Volume: 3, P: 1020-1026
Spheroplasts preparation boosts the catalytic potential of a squalene-hopene cyclase

Squalene-hopene cyclase are membrane-bound enzymes used to produce bioactive compounds at industrial scale. Here, the authors show squalene-hopene cyclase spheroplasts, obtained by removing the outer cell membrane, having a higher catalytic activity than the enzymes and the whole cells, and their cross-linking for recycling and reuse.

Ana I. Benítez-Mateos
Andreas Schneider
Francesca Paradisi
ResearchOpen Access21 Oct 2022
Nature Communications

Volume: 13, P: 1-9
Dominant ARF3 variants disrupt Golgi integrity and cause a neurodevelopmental disorder recapitulated in zebrafish

Disruptions to the ER-Golgi network can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders, though our understanding of these Golgipathies remains incomplete. Here Lauri, Tartaglia and colleagues show that ARF3 mutations cause a rare pediatric neurological disorder and perform detailed molecular characterization in fish.

Giulia Fasano
Valentina Muto
Marco Tartaglia
ResearchOpen Access11 Nov 2022
Nature Communications

Volume: 13, P: 1-29
Local environment in biomolecular condensates modulates enzymatic activity across length scales

Here, the authors show that biomolecular condensates can enhance enzymatic rates by creating distinct solvent environments compared to the surrounding solution, and this emergent property can manifest within assemblies as small as nanometers.

Marcos Gil-Garcia
Ana I. Benítez-Mateos
Paolo Arosio
ResearchOpen Access18 Apr 2024
Nature Communications

Volume: 15, P: 1-11
Screening methods for enzyme-mediated alcohol oxidation

Martina L. Contente
Irene Marzuoli
Francesca Paradisi
ResearchOpen Access22 Feb 2022
Scientific Reports

Volume: 12, P: 1-8
Multistep enzyme cascades as a route towards green and sustainable pharmaceutical syntheses

Enzymes, either purified or as whole-cell biocatalysts, can be concatenated into catalytic cascades and used to produce pharmaceutically relevant molecules. This Review discusses the advantages and requirements of multistep enzyme cascades and also highlights how they can be harnessed to achieve highly sustainable and cost-efficient syntheses.

Ana I. Benítez-Mateos
David Roura Padrosa
Francesca Paradisi
Reviews05 May 2022
Nature Chemistry

Volume: 14, P: 489-499
Strategic single point mutation yields a solvent- and salt-stable transaminase from Virgibacillus sp. in soluble form

Benedetta Guidi
Matteo Planchestainer
Francesco Molinari
ResearchOpen Access06 Nov 2018
Scientific Reports

Volume: 8, P: 1-11
Antenatal retinoic acid administration increases trophoblastic retinol-binding protein dependent retinol transport in the nitrofen model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Balazs Kutasy
Florian Friedmacher
Prem Puri
Research16 Dec 2015
Pediatric Research

Volume: 79, P: 614-620

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Flow biocatalysis

Self-sustaining closed-loop multienzyme-mediated conversion of amines into alcohols in continuous reactions

A strategic Ser/Cys exchange in the catalytic triad unlocks an acyltransferase-mediated synthesis of thioesters and tertiary amides

Spheroplasts preparation boosts the catalytic potential of a squalene-hopene cyclase

Dominant ARF3 variants disrupt Golgi integrity and cause a neurodevelopmental disorder recapitulated in zebrafish

Local environment in biomolecular condensates modulates enzymatic activity across length scales

Screening methods for enzyme-mediated alcohol oxidation

Multistep enzyme cascades as a route towards green and sustainable pharmaceutical syntheses

Strategic single point mutation yields a solvent- and salt-stable transaminase from Virgibacillus sp. in soluble form

Antenatal retinoic acid administration increases trophoblastic retinol-binding protein dependent retinol transport in the nitrofen model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia

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