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Sperm chromatin retains post-translationally modified histones whose function, after delivery to egg, is unclear. Using H2AK119Ub1 edited sperm the authors show that a sperm derived epigenetic cue is necessary for frog embryo development.

Staphylococcus aureus is increasingly recognized as a facultative intracellular pathogen, but it is unclear whether the intracellular lifestyle is a general feature or is restricted to some isolates. Here, Rodrigues Lopes et al. profile the interaction of 191 clinical isolates with four host cell types over time, showing that almost all isolates are internalized and that a large fraction replicate and persist within host cells.

Stings of certain ant species can cause intense, long-lasting nociception. Here, authors show that the major contributors of these symptoms are vertebrate-selective defensive venom peptides which modulate the activity of voltage-gated sodium channels.

In isolated REM sleep behavior disorder, a prodromal syndrome often leading to parkinsonism, expression levels for an abnormal disease network increase steadily before diagnosis. The measure can help evaluate phenoconversion risk in these patients.

Here, Francoiset al. propose a method of remotely shaping particle trajectories by using rotating waves on a liquid gas interface. The superposition of orthogonal standing waves creates angular momentum which is transferred from waves to floating microparticles, guiding them along closed trajectories.

An analysis of annelid genomes reveals massive reshuffling of chromosomes in the ancestral lineage leading to clitellates, a clade composed of non-marine annelids, with potential implications for the adaptation of clitellates to freshwater and terrestrial environments.

Visualization of the Rashbasplit bands in oxide two-dimensional electron gases is lacking, which hampers understanding of their rich spin-orbit physics. Here, the authors investigate KTaO₃ two dimensional electron gases and their Rashba-split bands.

Many eukaryotic and archaeal tRNAs carry a modified adenosine (t⁶A) that is synthesized by the KEOPS complex, which is composed of four subunits. A fifth subunit (Gon7) is found only in fungi and metazoa. Here the authors show that archaea also possess a fifth subunit, which is structurally and functionally similar to eukaryotic Gon7.

The non-coding RNA RNU4-2, which is highly expressed in the developing human brain, is identified as a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder gene, and, using RNA sequencing, 5′ splice-site use is shown to be systematically disrupted in individuals with RNU4-2 variants.

Macrorealism assumes that a macroscopic object is at any given time in one of the distinct states it has available, and that it is in principle possible to determine which state the system is in without disturbing its dynamics. An experiment now demonstrates that a superconducting microelectronic system violates macrorealism and obeys the laws of quantum mechanics.

Many genetic variants have been associated with human traits, but the mechanism is often unknown. Here, the authors integrate local and distal genetic associations with multi-omics datasets to provide a roadmap to understand the underlying mechanisms of GWAS variants on complex traits.

Confining semiconductor dipolar excitons using an artificial two-dimensional square lattice emulates extended Bose–Hubbard Hamiltonians, thus enabling control of boson-like arrays in lattices with programmable geometries and more than 100 sites.

Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is a non-invasive method to modulate deep brain activity. Using direct recordings from implanted electrodes, we showed that TUS engages the human globus pallidus internus, with effects on neural oscillations and behavior.

How and which cell surface molecules are taken up by clathrin-independent endocytosis is an ongoing area of research. Here, the authors show that the tumor marker CD166 is a clathrin-independent cargo that is taken up by endophilin-A3 and galectin-8, which regulates cancer cell migration.

The nature and role of insular interhemispheric communications remains underexplored in social anxiety processing. Here the authors show that insular neurons play a role in social preference encoding during acute social isolation.

CRISPR-Cas9 generates double-strand breaks, which pose a threat to genome integrity. Here the authors show loss of heterozygosity in edited hematopoietic progenitor cells.

Lamina-associated domains (LADs) contact lamins in the nuclear lamina, and lamin B1 was thought to bind heterochromatic regions at the nuclear envelope. Here, the authors show lamin B1 associates with actively expressed euchromatin regions, creating dynamic euchromatin lamina-associated domains (eLADs) during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.

Senescence of mammalian cells is characterized by proliferative arrest and expression of an inflammatory phenotype. Here the authors show the H2A variant H2A.J, found only in mammals, accumulates following persistent DNA damage or natural aging.

The authors reconstruct high fidelity networks of protein-protein interactions between promoters and enhancers in prostate cancer and demonstrate the potential of such an analytical framework to obtain actionable insights into the disease and potential therapeutic targets.

ON-target genotoxicity in gene editing is generally underestimated. Here the authors report Fluorescence-Assisted Megabase-scale Rearrangements Detection (FAMReD) systems to detect and characterize rare large loss of heterozygosity: they show that ON-target genotoxicity can be prevented by p53 and cell cycle arrest.

By nanofabricating arrays of dipolar-coupled bistable single-domain nanomagnets, artificial model systems exhibiting collective ordering may be realized. Here, the authors present signatures of spin fragmentation in low-energy states of an artificial kagome ice.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can contribute to cancers that are driven by Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling. Here the authors report that lncRNA HHIP-AS1 stabilises the mRNA of dynein complex 1, thereby, promoting the pro-mitotic effects of SHH-driven tumors.

Kerr resonators can support a new form of parametrically driven temporal cavity soliton (and associated optical frequency comb), with potential performance advantages that include background-free operation and the possibility of very high pump-to-comb conversion efficiencies.

Visual perception works best when eye movement counteracts the effects of body movement. This study describes how such coordination first emerges and matures during development in frog larvae.

This experimental study shows how the interplay between bacteria-phage coevolution and competition among bacterial genotypes results in increased diversity of bacterial CRISPR immunity.

EPAC1 is a cAMP-activated guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rap GTPases and a major transducer of cAMP signaling. Here, the authors show anionic membranes can activate EPAC1 independently of cAMP, increase its affinity for cAMP by two orders of magnitude, and synergize with cAMP to yield maximal GEF activity.

Here, integrating ribosome profiling, RNA-seq and proteomics to reveal transcriptional and post-translational regulation in HIV-infected T cells, the authors show that non-AUG translation of viral upstream ORFs elicits distinct immune responses and regulates viral gene expression in a DDX3-dependent manner.

Khassafi et al. identify molecular subgroups of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction using transcriptomic analysis of RV samples from individuals with compensated RV hypertrophy or decompensated RV failure and two rat models of RV dysfunction. Several extracellular matrix genes found to be deregulated in decompensated RV subgroups were validated at the protein level in two independent cohorts of individuals with pulmonary arterial hypertension, revealing their predictive biomarker potential in maladaptive RV development.

High-resolution experiments attribute surprisingly large forces to the molecular motors helping a cell sense its surroundings. A two-state theory interprets the contractile properties of these motors as emergent features of their collective behaviour.

Analysis of H3K27ac genome-wide maps across 387 brain, heart, muscle and lung samples, along with eQTL and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data integration, identifies tissue-specific genetically influenced active regulatory regions and target genes that potentially mediate disease etiology.

The ComFC protein is essential for natural transformation, a process that plays a major role in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. Here the authors show that ComFC is a membrane-associated protein that participates in the transport of DNA through the cell membrane and the handling of the single-stranded DNA once delivered into the cytoplasm.

The dopamine D₂ receptor (D₂R) is a GPCR and an important drug target for schizophrenia treatment. Here, the authors present the crystal structure of human D₂R in complex with the antipsychotic drug spiperone, which is of interest for designing antipsychotics with improved receptor selectivity.

Repeated exposure to social stressors in rodents results in behavioural changes. Here the authors show that behavioural adaptations to stress are associated with nuclear organization changes through SWI/SNF chromatin remodeler in specific neuronal populations of the mesolimbic system.

Infection of African green monkeys with SIV is associated with reduced pathogenicity. Here the authors explore the requirement of differentiated NK cell populations in a pathogenic Rhesus macaque model of SIV infection and show administration of IL-21 and IFNα rescues terminally differentiated NK cells, similarly to what found in African green monkeys, and limits the SIV reservoir in antiretroviral therapy treated macaques.

LEAFY is a master transcription factor that regulates flower development through interaction with other proteins such as the F-box UFO. This study shows that UFO unexpectedly acts as a transcriptional cofactor that drives LEAFY to new genomic locations.

Identifying reaction pathways is a major challenge in chemistry, and proves particularly difficult for surface reactions. Here the authors show that imaging the molecular orbitals with photoemission tomography provides insight into the structure of surface intermediates allowing their identification.

Genome-wide association analyses identify 30 risk loci for IgA nephropathy. Functional annotations of putative causal genes converge on inflammatory signaling pathways and cytokine ligand–receptor pairs, prioritizing potential new drug targets.

The authors explore the structural polymorphism of the Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV) nucleocapsids, detect a non-canonical symmetry of the helical state resulting in variations in the genome accessibility, and reveal its molecular determinant.

This study explores selection signals of Papua New Guinean highlanders and lowlanders using 128 new whole genome sequences. It highlights two genetic variants associated with blood traits that also influence the heart rate of these populations.

Many job sectors classified as ‘essential’ have continued operating with limited restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic, potentially placing workers at higher risk of infection. Here, the authors show that seropositivity rates in workers vary widely across and between job sectors in Geneva, Switzerland.

This study shows that Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) recruits apoE, an exchangeable apolipoprotein that mediates LDL/LDL-R interaction, to promote virion entry via the LDLR. Molecules that down-regulate LDL-R inhibit CCHFV infection.

Carbo-Tano and colleagues investigate the mesencephalic locomotor region in larval zebrafish and its role in triggering forward locomotion by activating specific sets of hindbrain V2a reticulospinal neurons.

Atomic resolution in-cell NMR and EPR spectroscopy show that the human amyloid protein α-synuclein remains disordered within all mammalian cells tested, including neurons, and identifies which parts of the protein dynamically interact or remain shielded from the cytoplasm, thus counteracting aggregation under physiological cell conditions.

Using the Tara Oceans dataset, this study describes global patterns of diatom diversity, abundance and adaptation. The authors identify 25 distinct communities, with the Arctic as a hotspot, and highlight diatom transcriptional features. These insights aid understanding of the ecological roles of diatoms and their responses to global change.

Controlling mechanical motions in solid state devices is highly desirable for the development of nanoscale machines. Here, Kepert and colleagues exploit an ultra-flexible coordination framework in which thermally-controlled Fe(II) spin transitions result in remarkable flexing of the crystal lattice.

The discovery of a new chemical class of anthelmintics that seem to act through a novel mechanism is reported. These small molecules are efficacious against various livestock pathogenic-nematode species.

Here the authors use drug susceptibility data from Plasmodium falciparum field isolates in a pharmacometric model to evaluate cabamiquine and pyronaridine efficacy, both individually and in combination. The combined treatment shows over 90% parasite reduction in most simulated cases, providing valuable guidance for clinical dose selection in real-world settings.

Signalling through the endothelin receptor ET_B, a class A GPCR, induces nitric oxide-mediated vasorelaxation. Here the authors present the crystal structures of the human ET_B receptor bound to the peptide hormone endothelin-3 and in complex with the ET_B-selective partial agonist IRL1620 and discuss mechanistic implications for receptor activation.