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Spatial transcriptomics technologies are still too restrictive for widespread clinical use, and methods that have been designed to bridge them with histopathology carry important limitations. Here, the authors develop MISO, a deep learning framework that allows inferring tissue spatial organisation and gene expression with near single-cell resolution from histopathology images.

Riboswitches are allosteric RNA molecules that change conformation upon ligand binding to regulate downstream genes. Here, the authors use Restricted Boltzmann machines trained on natural sequences to design new riboswitch aptamer domains, and validate their functionality via chemical probing.

Kinematic measurements of the Perseus galaxy cluster reveal two drivers of gas motions: a small-scale driver in the inner core associated with black-hole feedback and a large-scale driver in the outer core powered by mergers.

By combining imaging and single-cell RNA sequencing, the authors identify genes regulated during cell growth and division and further analyse the heterogeneity of gene expression during adaptive and acute responses to changing environments.

Analysis of publicly available viral genomes shows that humans may give more viruses to animals than they give to us, and reveals evolutionary mechanisms underpinning viral host jumps.

Membranes selective to ions of the same charge are sought for water waste processing and valuable element recovery. Here authors show that ions intercalated into vermiculite laminate membranes become effectively unexchangeable, creating stable channels that exhibit robust and tuneable ion selectivity.

Alternative stable states in forests have implications for the biosphere. Here, the authors combine forest biodiversity observations and simulations revealing that leaf types across temperate regions of the NH follow a bimodal distribution suggesting signatures of alternative forest states.

Leukemic stem cells which are resistant to chemotherapy are proposed as relapse-initiating cells (RICs). Here, the authors show that targeting the adrenomedullin-calcitonin receptor-like receptor decreases RICs frequency improving chemotherapy response in AML preclinical models.

Prenatal stress triggers molecular dysregulations in fetal neuroimmune circuits, leading to altered mast cell and sensory neuron function, which predisposes offspring to develop eczema in response to otherwise harmless mechanical friction after birth.

Anthropogenic stressors affect many aspects of marine organismal health. Here, the authors expose surgeonfish to temperature and pesticide stressors and show that the stressors, separately and in combination, have adverse effects on thyroid signaling, which disrupts several sensory systems and important predation defenses.

Adamopoulos, Rovas et al. show that high regional wall shear stress correlates with fibrosis and electrical scarring in the left atrium of patients with atrial fibrillation, providing insight into the development of fibrotic tissue.

Migrating cells tune their energy utilization in response to their microenvironment, but how cellular energetics direct navigation remains unclear. Here, the authors report that energetic costs for motility, regulated by cell mechanics and confinement, predict the probability of migration choice.

The SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant of concern emerged in the UK in late 2020 but spread internationally before it was detected. Here, the authors reconstruct the dynamics of dissemination of this variant out of the UK by combining extent of genomic sequencing, travel volume, and local epidemic dynamics in a Bayesian model.

The electrons and holes in a semiconductor can bind together to form excitons, which in turn couple together at higher carrier densities to create biexcitons. Here, the authors show, contrary to expectation, that biexcitons can outlive excitons at carrier densities close to the appearance of unbound electrons and holes.

Using data from a single time point, passenger-approximated clonal expansion rate (PACER) estimates the fitness of common driver mutations that lead to clonal haematopoiesis and identifies TCL1A activation as a mediator of clonal expansion.

Springtails are omnipresent soil arthropods, vital for ecosystems. In the first global assessment of springtails, this study shows a 20-fold biomass difference between the tundra and the tropics, with distinct temperature-related patterns for diversity and metabolism that suggest climate change may restructure the functioning of soil biodiversity.

Fragmentation of breaking glass as a brittle solid is a problem of equal practical and theoretical importance. Kooij et al. demonstrate that the fragment size distribution can surprisingly be both, either power-law or exponential, depending on how a particular specimen is broken.

In this study, dynamic X-ray techniques are used to directly observe 3D secondary flows in moving grains - shedding light on complex behaviours in granular materials and opaque substances like pastes, emulsions, and other soft matter.

Production and shipment of Wolbachia-infected eggs for controlling a mosquito (Aedes albopictus) population on a remote island in the Western Indian Ocean through the Incompatible Insect technique.

Isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Typhi), a human-restricted bacterial pathogen that causes typhoid, show limited genetic variation. Kathryn Holt and colleagues now compare whole-genome sequences of 19 Typhi isolates dispersed throughout the phylogenetic tree of this pathogen, revealing notably little evidence of purifying selection, antigenic variation or recombination between isolates.

The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is a target for deep brain stimulation for the control of gait and postural disability, but its role in gait control is not understood. Here, using extracellular single-unit recordings in awake patients, the authors show that neurons in the PPN respond to limb movement and imagined gait by dynamically changing network activity and decreasing alpha phase locking.

Here the authors present temperature dependent studies of GaN nanobeam lasers grown on a silicon substrate and demonstrate high-βlasing at room temperature. Comprehensive optical and quantum-optical characterization, complemented by microscopic modeling, of the nanolasers allow identification of lasing behavior.

This ecological analysis using the Eurostat database estimated that summer 2022, the hottest summer on record, was associated with over 61,000 heat-related deaths across 35 countries in Europe, with the highest mortality rates in countries near the Mediterranean Sea.

Plant hormone levels are regulated by synthesis and breakdown, but the mechanism of strigolactone degradation remains unclear. This study reveals the structure of distinct carboxylesterases, which switch between open and closed conformations to facilitate strigolactone catabolism in plants.

On soft substrates, epithelial tissues are under high tension and form holes that spontaneously heal. Thus, mechanical stress directly impacts the integrity of epithelia.

The goals, resources and design of the NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) programme are described, and analyses of rare variants detected in the first 53,831 samples provide insights into mutational processes and recent human evolutionary history.

The association between obesity and breast cancer biology remains understudied in humans. Here, using a large retrospective data collection, the authors identify obesity associated changes in the genomic, transcriptomic profile, and the tumor microenvironment of primary untreated breast tumors.

The relationships that control seed production in trees are key to understand evolutionary pressures that have shaped forests. A global synthesis of fecundity data reveals that while seed production is not constrained by a strict size-number trade-off, it is influenced by taxonomy and nutrient allocation.

Programmed cell death is an important part of tissue development, and traditionally it is considered that neuronal death is a stochastic process in response to neurotrophic factor deprivation. Here the authors show that for TrkC+ proprioreceptors, which neurons die is predetermined molecularly by how much TrkC is present, as well as by a gene expression signature.

Phase-coherent frequency combs in the mid-infrared have important potential applications but their fabrication remains challenging. Here, Kuyken et al. demonstrate an octave-spanning frequency comb in the mid-infrared using a highly nonlinear dispersion-engineered silicon waveguide on a silicon-on-insulator chip.

Infection of African green monkeys with SIV is associated with reduced pathogenicity. Here the authors explore the requirement of differentiated NK cell populations in a pathogenic Rhesus macaque model of SIV infection and show administration of IL-21 and IFNα rescues terminally differentiated NK cells, similarly to what found in African green monkeys, and limits the SIV reservoir in antiretroviral therapy treated macaques.

The CMS Collaboration reports the study of three simultaneous hard interactions between quarks and gluons in proton–proton collisions. This manifests through the concurrent production of three J/ψ mesons, which consist of a charm-quark–antiquark pair.

The authors demonstrate that the thalamic output during absence seizures is controlled and synchronized by a combination of excitation from the cortex and fast feedforward inhibition from reticular thalamus, with little involvement of thalamocortical neuron intrinsic mechanisms.

Systemic sclerosis patients often develop cancer, but why this happens is poorly understood. Here, the authors propose a possible mechanism linking these diseases by showing increased somatic mutations and genome instability in systemic sclerosis.

A global dataset of the satellite-tracked movements of pelagic sharks and fishing fleets show that sharks—and, in particular, commercially important species—have limited spatial refuge from fishing effort.

Many existing and in-the-pipeline fossil-fuel power plants will have to be decommissioned or underused to avoid climate change beyond 2 °C, even under optimistic technology assumptions and after accounting for emission-reducing conversions.

Carbo-Tano and colleagues investigate the mesencephalic locomotor region in larval zebrafish and its role in triggering forward locomotion by activating specific sets of hindbrain V2a reticulospinal neurons.

How daylight saving time shift (DST) affects mortality dynamics on a large population scale remains unknown. Here, the authors examine the impact of DST on all-cause mortality in 16 European countries for the period 1998-2012.

Development of multiple myeloma is preceded by precursor conditions. Here, the authors use single cell RNA-sequencing of plasma cells from patients across disease stages to identify genomic signatures present even at the earliest stages of disease.

An analysis of fish and macroinvertebrate communities in European rivers over 32 years shows that inland ship traffic is associated with declining taxonomic richness, diversity and trait richness and with increased taxonomic evenness.

A large dataset of 6 million trees from 193 taxa is used to map the floristic and functional composition of central African forests and predict their vulnerability to climate change.

Lipoprotein Lpp provides a covalent crosslink between the outer membrane and the peptidoglycan in E. coli. Here, the authors use atomic force microscopy to show that Lpp contributes to cell envelope stiffness by covalently connecting the two layers and by controlling the width of the periplasmic space.

Adhesive wear can proceed through qualitatively different mechanisms, with conflicting results in the literature. Here the authors observe a transition between two regimes in simulations using model interatomic potentials, allowing development of a simple analytical theory to describe past results.

Correlating the morphology of lithium-ion cathode particles with battery performance is difficult due to length-scale differences between grain architecture and particle size. Here, a generative adversarial network-based model can generate 3D cathode particles using 2D data for virtual characterization and materials testing.

Jorge Ferrer and colleagues have mapped regulatory SNP variants associated in GWAS with type 2 diabetes risk and glycemic traits to large clusters of enhancer elements regulating the transcriptional identity of pancreatic β cells via a highly connected transcription factor network.