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Chiral spin liquids, a topological phase in frustrated quantum spin systems, have been recently very sought-after. Here, Bauer et al.present a model for a Mott insulator on the Kagome lattice with broken time-reversal symmetry exhibiting such a topological phase.

By utilizing the van der Waals electron acceptor α-RuCl₃, this study establishes a p-type connection with WSe₂, facilitating a high hole mobility of 80,000 cm² V^–1 s^–1 for investigating quantum transport properties in a magnetic field of over 30 T.

Huang et al. study fractional quantum Hall (fQH) states in high-quality GaAs/AlGaAs samples. They report evidence for a fQH state at filling factor ν = 9/11, which they associate with the formation of six-flux composite fermions.

Analyses of genome and exome sequencing data identify rare coding and structural variants associated with atrial fibrillation and highlight genetic links between atrial fibrillation and cardiomyopathies.

Using particle-by-particle assembly and adiabatic manipulation of disorder, low-entropy, strongly correlated quantum fluids of light are constructed, opening up new possibilities for the preparation of exotic phases of synthetic matter.

An interferometer device is used to detect the quantum-mechanical phase that is gained when two anyons are braided around each other. The fractional value of the phase proves that these quasiparticles are neither bosons nor fermions.

Edge modes in chiral topological systems can carry quantum information without backscattering. A topological lattice of superconducting resonators has been coupled to a qubit, providing a platform for chiral quantum electrodynamics and communication.

An interferometer device demonstrates the interference of fractional quantum Hall effect edge states. This is a big step towards braiding non-Abelian anyons.

The nature of the excitations in the pseudogap regime and their relation to superconductivity remain core issues in cuprate high-T_c superconductivity. Here, using resonant inelastic x-ray scattering, the authors find that high-energy excitons in optimally-doped Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+δ are enhanced by the onset of superconductivity, an effect possibly explained in terms of electron fractionalization.

There is a long-standing experimental effort to observe field-induced correlated states in three-dimensional materials. Here, the authors observe an unconventional Hall response in the quantum limit of the bulk semimetal HfTe₅ with a plateau-like feature in the Hall conductivity.

A study using local compressibility measurements reports fractional Chern insulator states at low magnetic field in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene, and establishes the applied magnetic field as a means to tune the Berry curvature distribution.

Influenza genetic diversity is a key challenge in the design of a universal influenza vaccine that protects against different strains of influenza virus. Here, Malouli and colleagues demonstrate use of a cytomegalovirus-based T cell vaccine that induces immunity and can protect macaques from lethal avian influenza challenge with heterologous strains of influenza and suggest protection is linked to the generation of lung-resident influenza-specific CD4⁺ T cells.

The nucleus-like compartment formed in bacteria during infection by jumbo phage 201phi2-1 is composed of the bacteriophage protein chimallin, which can self-assemble into closed compartments in vitro.

The sought-after exotic two-channel Kondo effect has now been observed in quantum dots. This effect, where electrons in two electrodes are entangled with each other through their interaction with a single localized spin in a quantum dot, has so far been difficult to observe, as unlike the conventional Kondo effect, this new effect cannot be described within the conventional picture for electron behaviour of Fermi liquids.

Spatial Modeling Algorithms for Reactions and Transport (SMART) is a software package that allows users to simulate spatially resolved biochemical signaling networks within realistic geometries of cells and organelles.

Over the past 40 years, the quantum Hall effect (QHE) has inspired new theories and led to experimental discoveries in a range of fields going beyond solid-state electronics to photonics and quantum entanglement. In this Viewpoint, physicists reflect on how the QHE has influenced their research.

Many autotrophic bacteria rely on Rubisco for carbon dioxide fixation. Here the authors report the position, orientation, and structure of Rubisco within alpha-carboxysomes; showing how it polymerizes and can form a lattice inside this compartment.

Protein HilD of Salmonella Typhimurium coordinates motility and host cell invasion by upregulating flagellar genes and a secretion system. Here, Cooper et al. show that HilD also modulates swimming behaviour by upregulating a subunit of the chemotactic receptor array, and this is important for invasion of epithelial cells.

Proteins evolve through the modular rearrangement of domains. Here the authors introduce MISER, a minimization by iterative size-exclusion and recombination method to make all possible deletions of a protein, uncovering functions for Cas9 domains involved in DNA binding.

Although magnons in the quantum Hall regime of graphene have been detected, their thermodynamic properties have not yet been measured. Now, a local probe technique enables the detection of the magnon density and chemical potential.

The Human Microbiome Project Consortium has established a population-scale framework to study a variety of microbial communities that exist throughout the human body, enabling the generation of a range of quality-controlled data as well as community resources.

Although plant functional trait combinations reflect ecological trade-offs at the species level, little is known about how this translates to whole communities. Here, the authors show that global trait composition is captured by two main dimensions that are only weakly related to macro-environmental drivers.

The QT interval is a heritable electrocardiographic measure associated with arrhythmia risk when prolonged. Here, the authors used a series of genetic analyses to identify genetic loci, pathways, therapeutic targets, and relationships with cardiovascular disease.

A genome-wide transposon screen in Halothiobacillus neapolitanus identifies genes involved in CO₂ concentrating mechanisms, of which dabA and dabB encode a heterodimeric complex that works as an energy-coupled inorganic carbon pump. Dab homologues exist in multiple archaea and bacteria, including pathogens such as Bacillus anthracis and Vibrio cholerae.

Charles Lee, Daniel Laughlin et al. use structural equation modeling to analyze ecological data from more than 500 sites in the Antarctic Dry Valleys. They find that although abiotic factors are the primary drivers of biodiversity variation, biotic interactions are needed to explain the data fully and may play previously underestimated roles.

The Human Microbiome Project Consortium reports the first results of their analysis of microbial communities from distinct, clinically relevant body habitats in a human cohort; the insights into the microbial communities of a healthy population lay foundations for future exploration of the epidemiology, ecology and translational applications of the human microbiome.

The spatial and frontal QRS-T angles are electrocardiographic (ECG) predictors for arrhythmia. This work used genetic analyses to identify associated loci and pathways, and explore their relationships with other ECG traits and cardiovascular disease.

The authors investigate the broad-scale climatological and soil properties that co-vary with major axes of plant functional traits. They find that variation in plant size is attributed to latitudinal gradients in water or energy limitation, while variation in leaf economics traits is attributed to both climate and soil fertility including their interaction.

An integrative genomic analysis of several hundred endometrial carcinomas shows that a minority of tumour samples carry copy number alterations or TP53 mutations and many contain key cancer-related gene mutations, such as those involved in canonical pathways and chromatin remodelling; a reclassification of endometrial tumours into four distinct types is proposed, which may have an effect on patient treatment regimes.

Clonal hematopoiesis, often caused by mutations in DNMT3A and TET2, is associated with blood cancer and coronary artery disease. Here, the authors conduct an epigenome-wide association study, finding that clonal hematopoiesis caused by DNMT3A vs. TET2 mutations has directionally opposing changes in DNA methylation profiles, with both promoting stem cell self-renewal.

The chemical modification of proteins is an important tool for probing natural systems and synthesizing novel conjugates. Here, Spicer and Davis review the merits and limitations of the most useful methods for selective modification at both natural and unnatural amino acids.