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Monomethylation of histone H4 lysine 20 (H4K20me1) contributes to DNA replication but the mechanism is not well understood. Here, the authors identify a conserved tandem Tudor domain of BAHCC1 as a H4K20me1-specific reader, which promotes the recruitment of MCM complex to chromatin for efficient DNA replication.

Endothermy facilitated mammalian species radiation, but the events leading to sustained thermogenesis are not clear. Here, the authors report functional brown adipose tissue in a protoendothermic mammal, linking nonshivering thermogenesis directly to the roots of eutherian endothermic evolution.

Ethylene glycol is a monomer of the ubiquitous plastic polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Here, the authors report the discovery of NAD-dependent alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases in the soil bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans for ethylene glycol catabolism.

Solid waste can impact public health, climate change and ocean pollution, yet many countries lack basic infrastructure to manage it. A study now shows that investing in simple waste systems in lower-income countries delivers greater co-benefits than upgrading high-tech systems in wealthier ones.

Iron diminishes the antifungal efficacy of caspofungin against Candida albicans by binding the drug and inducing conformational changes that impair β-1,3-D-glucan synthase inhibition.

Single-cell RNA and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing in isogenic prostate adenocarcinoma cells undergoing neuroendocrine transition identify dynamic changes in chromatin and transcriptomic states coregulated by NKX2-1, FOXA2 and p300/CBP.

Lupus nephritis is an autoimmune-mediated glomerulonephritis and a serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus. In this Primer, Parodis and colleagues describe the epidemiology and pathophysiology of this disease, discuss current diagnosis and management, and highlight the effects on patient quality of life as well as future areas of research.

Horses have lived in Iberia since the Ice Age. Using ancient genomes to study their history, Lira Garrido et al. reveal a local wild lineage lasting until Late Iron Age, and highlight the far-reaching influence of Iberian bloodlines across Europe and north Africa during the Iron Age and beyond.

The barrier function of skin epidermis requires polarized secretion of lamellar bodies towards the body surface. Here, Rudd et al. identify Flower (FWE) as a novel regulator of lamellar body trafficking and a determinant of epidermal barrier function.

There are currently no licensed vaccines to prevent Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections. In this study, the authors evaluate the immune response and preclinical efficacy of a multicomponent mRNA lipid-nanoparticle vaccine against GAS.

Here, the authors show that KDM2A regulates cell cycle progression, modulation of H3K36me2 and H3K27me3 chromatin states and gene repression which are critical for survival of differentiating spermatogonia. KDM2A regulates progression through meiosis as well.

Surface charging in crystalline materials is a complex phenomenon to predict and design. Here the authors show the origin of surface charges in polar piezoelectric pharmaceuticals to predict the outcome of mechanical impact on their bulk properties.

No approved vaccines are available against Marburg virus. In this study, the authors developed mRNA vaccines against Marburg virus and the related Ravn virus and show that they induce robust antibody response and provide protection against homologous and heterologous viruses in guinea pigs.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

Bleaching threatens corals worldwide as the oceans warm from climate change. Here the authors provide insight into intergenerational acclimatization potential by identifying metabolomic signatures of coral resistance to bleaching at all stages of development, including in the new generation.

Drug resistance remains a major challenge in cancer treatment. Here, the authors identify Connexin43 as target that enhances BRAF/MEKi efficacy by interfering with DNA repair pathways, overcoming drug resistance. They develop an mRNA therapy that improves efficacy and sensitizes resistant cells.

Nickel(II) dihalide precatalysts with bidentate nitrogen ligands are widely used in cross-coupling reactions, notably in combination with photosensitizers, forming catalytic systems that currently drive major conceptual and synthetic thrusts within organic chemistry. Here the authors show a general mechanism by which these precatalysts are converted to the reduced, catalytically active species, using a range of characterization and spectroscopic techniques.

Veterinary care is unevenly distributed globally, limiting access to care. Our maps show that 93.8% of isolated animals (>1h travel time) are in low- and middle-income countries. A 5% targeted increase in veterinarians may reduce isolation by 32.9%.

This Review discusses the potential benefits of prehabilitative interventions in patients with and survivors of testicular cancer. Although there are few studies in the field, available data suggest a benefit of prehabilitation in improving mental health and quality of life in these patients, highlighting the need for additional research in this field.

Gas adsorption in porous materials offers an alternative technology for efficient hydrogen isotope separation. Here, the authors report high separation efficiency through isotopologue-induced structural dynamics in a readily scalable manganese-triazole metal-organic framework.

Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated protein (ATM) phosphorylates CD98HC to promote neutral amino acid antiporter trafficking. Here the authors show that ATM loss impairs glutamate, cystine, and arginine transport, driving metabolic stress and ataxia telangiectasia–like phenotypes.

Species’ traits and environmental conditions determine the abundance of tree species across the globe. Here, the authors find that dominant tree species are taller and have softer wood compared to rare species and that these trait differences are more strongly associated with temperature than water availability.

Sorption modeling treating soil as a homogenous medium misrepresents PFAS mobility in the subsurface. Exploring minerals reveals the role of aluminum-oxide electrostatics for short PFAS and organic matter and air-water interface for long-chains.

An analysis of 18 metagenomic datasets of individuals with colorectal cancer, adenomas and healthy controls yields improved cancer prediction accuracy based solely on gut metagenomics, as well as the identification of new species associated with the development of cancer.

Single-cell transcriptomes from the fetal–maternal interface of six species of mammals reveal a conserved gene expression signature of invasive trophoblast, stepwise evolution of decidual stromal cell types and co-evolutionary patterns in cell–cell signalling.

A series of fluorescent probes is designed that act as dual agonists on both GLP1 and GIP receptors, and are used to image receptor binding activities in tissues and animals.

Genomic surveillance has been important for tracking the evolution and spread of SARS-CoV-2. Here, the authors analyse ~300,000 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from two years of sequencing in the Latin America and Caribbean regions and describe the emergence and spread of different lineages over time.

Disequilibrium genome-based restricted maximum likelihood (DGREML) simultaneously quantifies the contribution of SNPs and their directional covariances to trait heritability and shows that cross-autosomal correlations contribute substantially to SNP-based heritability for many complex traits.

Lee et al. show that DMXL1, a regulator of V-ATPase assembly, is recruited to lysosomes upon TRPML1 activation in a manner dependent on conjugation of ATG8 proteins on lysosomal membranes (CASM) and promotes lysosomal function.

URAT1 is the target for gout drugs that block urate reuptake in the kidneys, however current treatments have limitations. Here, authors show how urate-lowering drugs inhibit URAT1, facilitating antigout drug development.

In this genomic analysis of peripheral blood samples of the phase 3 CheckMate-067 trial of ipilimumab (IPI) versus nivolumab (NIVO) versus ipilimumab and nivolumab (IPI-NIVO) in melanoma, the status of certain mitochondrial haplogroups in patients was associated therapeutic resistance to NIVO or IPI-NIVO, a finding validated in an independent cohort.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.