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This study demonstrates the capability of deep learning protein design models in generating functionally validated β-strand pairing interfaces, expanding the structural diversity of de novo binding proteins and accessible target surfaces.

The impact of negative energy balance on dopamine transmission is unclear. Here, authors show that the ABA model disrupts dopamine transmission via loss of GABAergic control over VTA dopamine neurons contributing to the development of hyperactivity.

Wastewater-based surveillance tends to focus on specific pathogens. Here, the authors mapped the wastewater virome from 62 cities worldwide to identify over 2,500 viruses, revealing city-specific virome fingerprints and showing that wastewater metagenomics enables early detection of emerging viruses.

How translation affects ribosome stability is an intriguing question. Here, the authors uncover a collision-induced small subunit turnover pathway that selectively removes suboptimal ribosomes during ribosome competition and alters subunit abundance under stress-related translational perturbations.

The links between meat production and immunity in cattle can affect agricultural production. Here, Li et al. identify genetic and environmental factors that shape immune responses in cattle, which can guide breeding for improved health.

In a multicenter, randomized trial of patients with atrial fibrillation and a low risk of thromboembolic events, treatment with the anticoagulant rivaroxaban showed no benefit in reducing cognitive decline, stroke or transient ischemic attack when compared to placebo.

In a randomized controlled trial that included 97 participants, 69% patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) allocated to a fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) achieved clinical response, and over 60% reached remission, outperforming the control group. The FMD also reduced markers of intestinal inflammation, suggesting this dietary intervention could serve as adjunctive treatment for CD.

The extreme hot and dry conditions of 2023 reduced soil respiration and enhanced net forest carbon sequestration in Canada, offsetting wildfire emissions, according to satellite-based and in situ observations of CO₂ fluxes.

Channelized subsurface melting is an important process in the dynamics of ice shelves. Here the authors present observational data from Antarctic ice shelves and show that their basal melt is up to 50% higher than previously assumed.

Among the antibody subclasses, IgG4 is unique in its capability to fragment-antigen-binding (Fab)-arm exchange, a process that renders IgG4 bispecific for antigen binding. Here authors analyse serum IgG4 clonal repertoires of healthy human donors to show that Fab-arm exchange is widespread and affects all IgG4 clones.

Researchers summarize key insights from the world’s first comprehensive investigation into how a pandemic started.

Exchange bias, where an adjacent antiferromagnet leads to an offset magnetization loop in a ferromagnet is a critical effect in magnetic memory devices. Here, Pellet-Mary et al introduce a “lateral exchange bias”, allowing control of the Neel vector in bilayer samples of CrSBr via laterally adjacent odd layered segments.

Establishment and maintenance of appropriate cell size is a prerequisite for cells to function efficiently. Here, Kiriakopulos et al. reveal that the lncRNA CISTR-ACT maintains cell size across cell types in humans and mice by regulating cell morphogenesis genes in trans via guidance of the transcription factor FOSL2.

Buchwald et al. conducted a year-long prospective, open-enrollment cohort study in southern Malawi and examined the demographic, temporal, and spatial clustering of transmission-relevant (gametocyte containing) Plasmodium falciparum infections. They found that school-age children are the primary driver of ongoing Plasmodium falciparum transmission.

Understanding biodiversity loss and achieving global commitments requires effective biodiversity monitoring. This Roadmap outlines the necessary steps to achieve a transnational European Biodiversity Observation Network built around Essential Biodiversity Variables, combining targeted sensing methods, spatial design, data sharing, data integration and modelling workflows, and coordinated governance to deliver policy-ready insights.

By using superconducting quantum interference device arrays as microwave impedance transformers, piezoelectric microwave–acoustic transduction operating close to the maximal efficiency–bandwidth product of lithium niobate can be achieved.

In this study, authors employ fragment-based lead discovery to identify WRN inhibitors. The fragment hits reveal an additional allosteric pocket and uncover a previously uncharacterized structural conformation of the WRN helicase domain with unique orientations of the ATPase domains

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

How inflammation spreads from the skin to the joints in psoriatic disease is unclear. Here, the authors show that joint-resident fibroblasts can control differentiation of infiltrating skin-derived myeloid precursors that can become inflammatory macrophages.

Patients with primary mitochondrial disease manifesting cardiomyopathy are twice as likely to die compared to those without cardiomyopathy. Here, the authors show that a modest increase in cardiac mitochondrial energetics via gene therapy can significantly improve cardiac function and is effective in treating mitochondrial cardiomyopathy.

Two main acceleration mechanisms in the auroral acceleration region are electric potential and Alfvénic acceleration but associated energy dynamics are not completely resolved. Here, the authors show that Alfvén waves power the Earth’s auroral arc through a static potential drop in the auroral acceleration region.

Baird et al. present the phase 2 PIONEER trial findings on the antitumor activity of combining aromatase inhibitor letrozole with megestrol in postmenopausal women with operable estrogen-receptor-positive human epidermal-growth-factor-receptor-2-negative breast cancer.

Ramaglia and colleagues show that aberrant formation of B cell-rich lymphoid structures in the brain meninges is associated with high CXCL13:BAFF ratios. Inhibiting the kinase BTK reduces the lymphotoxin signaling needed to sustain such structures, lowers CXCL13:BAFF ratios and reduces cortical tissue injury.

The rigid-to-soft transformation and imperceptible, morphology-adaptable nature of a hydrogel–elastomer adhesive bilayer based on ionic–electronic conductive nanomembranes enable the real-time stable monitoring of electrophysiological signals in vivo.

The somitic mesoderm is seen as the main source of brown adipose tissue, although some depots are of partially unknown origin. Here, the authors show that Osr1 labels multipotent dorsal aorta progenitors at E9.5 that contribute to cartilage, muscle, and adipose tissues, revealing a non-somitic contribution to several brown adipose depots.

A simple transport model infers a material’s electronic dimensionality from standard transport measurements, revealing temperature-, doping- and alloying-driven shifts between low-dimensional and 3D transport in SrTiO₃, Bi₂O₂Se and Pb_1-xSn_xTe.

Light-induced phonon dynamics in 2D (BA)₂PbI₄ films reveal transient lattice shifts to a tetragonal phase, driven by Higgs-mode vibrations. Below-bandgap excitation causes larger spectral shifts, showing strong optomechanical coupling in perovskites.

Diverse genomes of lytic phages are found in bacterial assemblies, challenging assumptions about the nature of the lytic lifestyle.

Effective early detection and intervention strategies for lung cancer are urgently needed. The authors of this Review summarize the current state of lung cancer screening and provide future directions for optimal implementation, including biomarker development. They also discuss precancer interception strategies that could transform both lung cancer prevention and early intervention.

Green subsidies (carrots) are now becoming a more politically acceptable climate policy option compared with corrective regulations (sticks). However, researcher show that carrots without quick and appropriate sticks will not be sufficient to reach the deep decarbonization goal in the long run.

During mitosis, initially spherical chromosomes fold into visibly cylindrical structures with spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking before resolving into sister chromatids. Here, the authors develop a mechanistic model that captures the roles of distinct active motors in this process and analyze the resulting order, defects, and mechanical properties of the mitotic chromosome structure.

The study reveals that MCARE, a previously uncharacterized muscle protein, controls calcium handling and contraction in skeletal muscle, and its absence leads to impaired muscle function in mice.

Central charge, a key quantity in conformal field theories, is crucial in the study of critical phenomena, yet its measurement has remained elusive. Here, the authors extract the central charge of several quantum critical models by accurately preparing their ground states on a superconducting quantum processor.

Here, the authors generated and analyzed run-on sequencing data to observe transcription in species across the tree of life to uncover the origins of the promoter-proximal pause.

Early symptoms of bloodborne infections often overlap, complicating diagnosis and surveillance. Here, authors demonstrate multiplexed CRISPR assays (CARMEN, 23 targets), which match or exceed RT-qPCR diagnostic performance on contrived and clinical samples, enabling fast, high-throughput testing.

Genetic models for psychiatric disorders often overlook ancestry diversity. Here, the authors use PsychENCODE and GWAS data to build ancestry-specific GReX models, improving TWAS and revealing novel genes and pathways linked to brain development and psychiatric risk.

The authors present MorphoGenie, an unsupervised model that profiles cell shapes to predict cellular heterogeneity without manual labels. It provides a scalable, interpretable, and generalizable approach for data-driven exploration of cellular heterogeneity across diverse imaging modalities.

Synthetic biology might enable the bottom-up construction of synthetic genomes, offering a foundation for building synthetic cells. This Review discusses strategies for rational genome design, genome-scale organization, and integration of experimental and computational methods to realize a fully synthetic cell.

Converting CO₂ into solid carbon materials provides both long-term carbon sequestration and the production of value-added products. This Comment compares reactor configurations guided by thermodynamic analysis, evaluates the market volume and morphology control of different carbon products, and identifies hurdles and opportunities for scaled-up deployment.

Direct-acting antiviral agents have substantially improved the rate of sustained virologic response and safety in the treatment of hepatitis C. However, concerns about the long-term outcomes for individuals who achieve sustained virologic response still exist. Herein, we propose a new conceptual model for redefining the goals and strategies of ongoing hepatitis C elimination campaigns.

Adipose CoA handling is critical for lipid metabolism and homeostasis. Here, the authors identify TMEM120A as an ER-resident CoA binding protein enriched in adipocytes that promotes fatty acid recycling to support energy metabolism and limit lipotoxic stress, while its loss leads to adipose inflammation and metabolic dysfunction under high-fat diet conditions.

Nolan et al use Arabidopsis twisted mutants to show that frustrated distortion of the epidermis is the primary organ-level determinant of multilevel asymmetries that underlie skewed root growth.

Variants in the PSMC5 gene impair proteasome function and cellular homeostasis, altering brain development in children. This study reveals underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to this neurodevelopmental phenotype, and suggests therapeutic leads for neurodevelopmental proteasomopathies.