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deepmriprep leverages neural networks to enable voxel-based morphometry preprocessing of MRI data that is 37× faster than existing methods while achieving comparable accuracy in segmentation, registration and final statistical maps across large datasets.

The ALICE Collaboration provides details on the microscopic mechanism that ends up creating antideuteron in high-energy proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Surprisingly consistent replication failure of gray matter correlates of childhood maltreatment raises questions about publication bias in prior literature and about prevailing models linking maltreatment to brain structure in adult populations.

Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases have now been modified and de novo non-ribosomal peptide synthetases constructed using new assembly points within condensation domains. This approach enabled the production of new-to-nature peptides, including some carrying synthetic amino acids, as well as the generation of peptide libraries.

Human brain structure changes throughout the lifespan. Brouwer et al. identified genetic variants that affect rates of brain growth and atrophy. The genes are linked to early brain development and neurodegeneration and suggest involvement of metabolic processes.

A system for realizing many-photon quantum circuits is presented, comprising a programmable nanophotonic chip operating at room temperature, interfaced with a fully automated control system.

In the first results from an ongoing global cancer screening data repository, screening program organization was better overall in Europe compared to other continents; however, there were substantial gaps in implementation across both high- and low-resource settings.

The TAM family of receptor tyrosine kinases exerts pleiotropic functions in health and disease. Here, the authors show that TAM receptors control osteoblastic bone formation and identified MERTK as a novel target for bone anabolic therapy and mitigation of bone metastasis including its associated osteolytic bone disease

The relationship of mycorrhizal associations with latitudinal gradients in tree beta-diversity is unexplored. Using a global dataset approach, this study examines how trees with arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal associations contribute to latitudinal beta-diversity patterns and the environmental controls of these patterns.

Kinetic measurements often involve complex processes, and deconvoluting them to derive active-site chemistry becomes challenging. Now experimental kinetic measurements, density functional theory calculations and microkinetic modelling are combined to provide detailed mechanistic understanding of elementary reactions for ethylene hydrogenation on Pd–Zn γ-brass with isolated active sites.

Alkali metal cations influence electrocatalytic reactions, but their specific role remains elusive. Now, methyl₄N⁺ is established as a vibrational probe for surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy, revealing that alkali metal cations specifically adsorb on Au during CO₂ electroreduction and that their surface coverage depends on their free energy of hydration.

Single-atom dopants embedded in a semiconductor matrix are of potential use for optical, spintronics as well as information storage applications. Here, Kobak et al.realize CdTe and CdSe quantum dots with single cobalt and manganese ions and show how the quantum dot design influences single-spin relaxation time.

Measurements of the inelastic cross section of anti-³He allow the estimation of the transparency of the Milky Way to the propagation of these light antinuclei produced in either cosmic-ray collisions or annihilation of dark-matter particles.

The direct measurement of the QCD dead cone in charm quark fragmentation is reported, using iterative declustering of jets tagged with a fully reconstructed charmed hadron.

PD-1 blockade can enhance antitumor responses in a subset of cases. Khleif and colleagues demonstrate that PD-1 blockade in the context of suboptimal T cell activation engenders a state of non-responsiveness but not when there is strong stimulation by vaccination.

Correlations in momentum space between hadrons created by ultrarelativistic proton–proton collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider provide insights into the strong interaction, particularly the short-range dynamics of hyperons—baryons that contain strange quarks.

Interactions of atmospheric neutrinos with quantum-gravity-induced fluctuations of the metric of spacetime would lead to decoherence. The IceCube Collaboration constrains such interactions with atmospheric neutrinos.

Advances in the design of heterogeneous catalysts are limited by our ability to synthesize atomically precise active-site ensembles. Now, the controlled synthesis of Pd–M–Pd catalytic sites (M = Zn, Pd, Cu, Ag and Au) has been demonstrated. Stoichiometric control identifies that Pd–Pd–Pd sites are active for ethylene hydrogenation, whereas Pd–Zn–Pd sites are not.

Artificial intelligence has become popular as a cancer classification tool, but there is distrust of such systems due to their lack of transparency. Here, the authors develop an explainable AI system which produces text- and region-based explanations alongside its classifications which was assessed using clinicians’ diagnostic accuracy, diagnostic confidence, and their trust in the system.

Predicting metal–support combinations that can afford stable single-atom catalysts remains a complex problem. Now, a computational method is reported that can be used to screen interaction strengths between metals and supports and identify those pairs that generate strongly adsorbed single-atom catalysts.

Measurements of the half-life and decay energy of the β-decay of ¹⁰⁰Sn show that Gamow–Teller transitions of this nucleus have the greatest strength found so far and are ‘superallowed’.

Understanding how a supporting material can change the surface chemistry of the nanoparticle catalysts that it hosts is critical to tuning catalytic properties. Experimental Hammett studies and density functional theory calculations show that differences in reactivity can be attributed to differences in the electron density at metal active sites, which arises from differences in electron donation from the support.

Spermidine, a naturally occurring polyamine, extends the lifespan of mice and is cardioprotective in both aged mice and hypertensive rats. In humans, high dietary spermidine intake is associated with reduced blood pressure and a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease.

Carbon dioxide electrocatalytic reduction rates are strongly impacted by the choice of electrolyte, but most studies have focused on aqueous systems. It is now reported that in non-aqueous solvents, smaller alkylammonium cations better stabilize the CO₂δ^– transition state on Ag electrodes.

The potential for neutrinos to travel faster than light challenges fundamental physics, yet remains unconfirmed. The authors utilize the KM3NeT neutrino telescope to impose stringent constraints on Lorentz-violating superluminal neutrino velocities, reinforcing the standard understanding of Lorentz symmetry and impacting future theoretical and experimental explorations in particle physics.