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The Gaussian minimum entropy conjecture—a long-standing open question—has now been proved for single-mode phase-insensitive bosonic Gaussian channels. This establishes the ultimate achievable bit rate under an energy constraint and provides long-awaited proof that the single-letter classical capacity of these channels is additive.

Engineering stabilized proteins is essential for industrial and pharmaceutical biotechnologies. Here, authors present Stability Oracle, a Graph-Transformer framework trained on protein masked microenvironments to predict protein thermodynamic stability, using less training data while achieving improved generalization.

Deep learning-based generative tools are used to design protein building blocks with well-defined directional bonding interactions, allowing the generation of a variety of scalable protein assemblies from a small set of reusable subunits.

The dynamic behavior of supramolecular polymers in aqueous environments remains poorly understood due to the assembly pathway complexity. Here, the authors present a combinatorial titration methodology to probe in situ a binary assembly mechanism between spheroidal micelles and β-sheet polymers of peptide amphiphiles, which collectively govern supramolecular dynamics.

Integrating cell-laden hydrogels effectively into the 3D printing process is a challenge in the creation of tissue engineering scaffolds. Here, the authors describe an additive manufacturing technique to combine polymer and cell-containing networks with 3D-printed mechanical supports.

Anion vacancies are a hurdle for technologies based on chalcogenide semiconductors and topological insulators. Even at room temperature, oxidation and cyanide etching can lead to selenium vacancies in CuInSe₂ photovoltaic material but suitable post deposition treatments can mitigate their effect.

A prototypical example of a ‘strategic atom replacement’ approach enables synthesis of N-alkyl pyrazoles from isothiazoles by swapping the sulfur atom with a nitrogen atom and its associated alkyl fragment to deliver the alkylated pyrazole.

In this study, the capabilities of fragment-based Grand Canonical Nonequilibrium Candidate Monte Carlo (GCNCMC) to uncover experimentally validated, occluded fragment binding sites is demonstrated. The method also accurately samples multiple binding modes and calculates binding affinities without any prior structural knowledge.

The detoxification pathway photorespiration has been thought to be photoprotective in dynamic light. The authors report that, instead, growth in dynamic light buffers plants against photorespiratory lesions by reducing photosynthesis and inducing metabolite re-routing.

The authors present sample-based quantum diagonalization (SQD) simulations of non-covalent interactions that match the accuracy of state-of-the-art classical methods. These results mark a key step towards quantum advantage, though further advances are needed to fully realize this potential.

While transition metal nitrides are promising low-cost electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media, a fundamental understanding of their activity is still lacking. Here MnN nanocuboids with well-defined surface structures are investigated, providing atomistic insight and mechanistic understanding.

Here, the authors identify human Gαi protein as an intracellular pH sensor. The Gαi subunit undergoes a disorder to order transition as pH is increased over the intracellular pH range, which modulates agonist mediated Gβγ dissociation from the Gαi-Gβγ complex.

Improving inference in large-scale genetic data linked to electronic medical record data requires the development of novel computationally efficient regression methods. Here, the authors develop a Bayesian approach for association analyses to improve SNP-heritability estimation, discovery, fine-mapping and genomic prediction.

Fine-mapping of causal variants and integration of epigenetic and chromatin conformation data identify likely target genes for 150 breast cancer risk regions.

A gold catalyst supported on intergrown titanosilicate zeolites enhances propene oxide production by activating oxygen-transfer intermediates more efficiently at Ti interface sites.

The extent to which chemical products of water radiolysis could sustain subseafloor microbial life is unknown. Here the authors show that sediment catalyzes radiolytic production of H₂ and oxidants, providing the primary energy source for life in ancient marine sediment.

When a glass transforms into a liquid, is the absorbed specific heat vibrational or configurational in origin? Vibrational spectroscopy experiments on strong and fragile metallic glasses now strongly suggest the latter.

Sydnor et al. developed a new tractography atlas of thalamocortical structural connections and applied it to three youth samples. They uncovered coordinated development between thalamic connectivity and hierarchical cortical plasticity in humans.

Various approaches are being used for polygenic prediction including Bayesian multiple regression methods that require access to individual-level genotype data. Here, the authors extend BayesR to utilise GWAS summary statistics (SBayesR) and show that it outperforms other summary statistic-based methods.

Simulation experiments conducted at 80–120 °C under UV–visible light demonstrate FeS-catalyzed gaseous CO₂ reduction, providing new insights into prebiotic carbon fixation mechanisms and the origins of life in terrestrial hot spring environments.

Sznajder et al. identified a molecular link between autism and myotonic dystrophy, showing that a tandem repeat mutation in a single gene can disrupt splicing of multiple autism-related genes during brain development, leading to autism-like traits.

A metalloenzyme capable of oxidatively cleaving cellulose, found in a microbial community specialized in lignocellulose degradation, could enable sustainable biofuel production.

Uprooting stem cells from their native environment and transplanting them to other individuals exaggerates selective pressures, distorting and accelerating the loss of clonal diversity in contrast to the unperturbed haematopoiesis of donors.

Rational design of protein labelling sites for ¹⁹F NMR experiments using AlphaFold predictions and molecular dynamics simulations enables simple, direct analyses of protein structure and interactions in vitro and in-cell.

Understanding the mechanism for the catalytic conversion of NO_x is crucial to develop superior greenhouse gas abatement schemes, although it remains challenging. Here, the authors reveal important aspects of the redox properties of NO_x on a La_1–xSr_xCoO₃ perovskite by a combination of density functional theory calculations and ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Solid-state materials synthesis relies on effective precursor design. Here, the authors introduce an algorithm that combines ab-initio computations with insights gained from experimental outcomes to efficiently optimize the selection of precursors.

An online, manually curated and continually updating database of fungal antimicrobial resistance mutations provides a starting point for further research in fungal AMR.

Here the authors propose a crystal thermodynamics framework describing the tensor stress induced phase transformations in solids based on nonlinear elasticity and first principles calculations. The proposed approach enables balanced design of high-strength, high-ductility materials.

A base-stabilized silicon analogue of a reactive carbon species (vinyl carbene) is reported that features a silicon–silicon double bond and a silylene functionality, coordinated by an N-heterocyclic carbene. Ultraviolet–visible light and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in solution confirms that disilenyl silylene exists in equilibrium with the corresponding cyclotrisilene and free N-heterocyclic carbene.

The authors define the cenotectic — the low-temperature stability limit for a liquid under arbitrary thermodynamic conditions — and measure it for several aqueous solutions of relevance to extraterrestrial oceans using isochoric freezing/melting.

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide is a highly attractive strategy for the production of organic products of economic value. Here, the authors report the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to formic acid over a copper-based metal–organic framework decorated electrode at low over-potential.

In open-field-line magnetic plasma traps, the attainable cross-field voltage drops are limited by the tolerances of the solid materials of the vacuum vessel. Here, the authors demonstrate the possibility of equilibria that isolate large voltage drops to the interior of the plasma, circumventing this limit.