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Glaucoma is the most common cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Here, the authors carry out a large meta-analysis of genetic data from individuals of European and Asian ancestry and identify 10 new loci associated with vertical cup-disc ratio, a key factor in the clinical assessment of patients with glaucoma.

Transancestral GWAS meta-analysis in 160,420 individuals identifies 139 loci associated with refractive error, including myopia. Newly identified genes implicate pathways involved in eye growth and light signaling cascades.

The authors present DeepRank, a deep learning framework for the data mining of large sets of 3D protein-protein interfaces (PPI). They use DeepRank to address two challenges in structural biology: distinguishing biological versus crystallographic PPIs in crystal structures, and secondly the ranking of docking models.

Metabolites are important indicators of the physiological state of the body and potential biomarkers for disease. Here, Draisma et al. use a genome-wide association study to identify novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with blood metabolite levels in genes of pharmaceutical importance.

Activation of the tumor suppressor p53 is a promising approach in cancer therapy. Here, the authors discover a series of small molecule dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitors that increase p53 synthesis and reduce tumor growth in synergy with the common mdm2 inhibitor nutlin3.

Kyle Gaulton, Mark McCarthy, Andrew Morris and colleagues report fine mapping and genomic annotation of 39 established type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci. They find that the set of potential causal variants is enriched for overlap with FOXA2 binding sites in human islet and liver cells, and they show that a likely causal variant near MTNR1B increases FOXA2-bound enhancer activity, providing a molecular mechanism to explain the effect of this locus on disease risk.

A meta-analysis of associations between human genetic variation and gut microbial structural variations shows that ABO genotype differentially affects the presence of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains containing GalNAc utilization pathway in the gut.

PSA-based screening is common in the western world. However, rescreening policies are ambiguous, resulting in unnecessary testing. Recent data suggest that rescreening intervals should be decided on the basis of a baseline PSA level, but how is this recommendation likely to be received by the clinical community?

Help from CD4⁺ T cells is important to induce CD8⁺ T cell memory responses, but mechanistic insights are lacking. Here, the authors show, by transcriptomics and epigenetics, how CD4⁺ T cells help program memory CD8⁺ T cells for help-independent recall by antigens, as well as for innate-like recall responses by IL-12/IL-18 and promoting survival by IL-15.

A multimodal imaging approach using a high-density lipoprotein-derived nanotracer with a perfluoro-crown ether payload enables myeloid cell dynamics to be studied in vivo in mouse models of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction.

Climate change is shifting species distribution globally. Here, the authors track four decades of changes in the thermal affinity of 1,817 marine species across European seas, showing that most communities have responded to ongoing ocean warming via increases of warm-water species or decreases of cold-water species.

Strong interaction is blind to quark flavor, so collisions of nuclei with the same number of protons and neutrons should generate the same number of charged and neutral kaons. Here, instead, the authors show a significant excess of charged over neutral kaon production in Ar+Sc nuclei collisions, compatibly with earlier measurements which however suffered from larger uncertainties, and show that known effects cannot explain the result.

Labeling transcribed genes and active enhancers with a bacterial methylation mark traces cell state changes.

Here, the authors describe a clinical protocol for ‘back-to-base’ combined hypothermic and normothermic machine perfusion of human livers.

Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and plaque are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD). Here, the authors identify and prioritize genetic loci for cIMT and plaque by GWAS and colocalization approaches and further demonstrate genetic correlation with CHD and stroke.

Paul de Bakker, Cisca Wijmenga and colleagues report on The Genome of the Netherlands Project, including whole-genome sequencing of 769 individuals of Dutch ancestry from 250 parent-offspring families and construction of a phased haplotype map. Their intermediate-coverage population sequencing data set provides a complementary resource to other publicly available data sets, including the 1000 Genomes Project.

Liver transplantation is challenged by organ scarcity and ageing donors. Machine perfusion is a promising technique to enhance organ preservation and assessment, improving liver utilization and patient outcomes. Here, we discuss current practices in machine perfusion using the IDEAL framework and outline the steps needed to advance this technology clinically.

Light-driven artificial molecular switches and motors afford dynamic control of various molecular systems, ranging from catalytic to biological. This Perspective provides insight into the challenges that must be addressed to transition the field from the proof-of-concept stage to realization of its myriad applications.

This report by the Consortium for Refractive Error and Myopia uses gene-environment-wide interaction study (GEWIS) to identify genetic loci that affect environmental influence in myopia development, and identifies ethnic specific genetic loci that attribute to eye refractive errors.

The fast radio burst FRB 20180916B repeats with a periodicity of 16 days, and is now found to emit down to a frequency of 120 MHz, much lower than previously observed.

The genome of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae is sequenced, providing insights into its polyphagous feeding, silk production, hormonal repertoire and reduced Hox cluster.

Measurements of the inelastic cross section of anti-³He allow the estimation of the transparency of the Milky Way to the propagation of these light antinuclei produced in either cosmic-ray collisions or annihilation of dark-matter particles.

The direct measurement of the QCD dead cone in charm quark fragmentation is reported, using iterative declustering of jets tagged with a fully reconstructed charmed hadron.

Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) is increasingly used for preserving and evaluating donor livers before transplantation. Here, the authors demonstrate increased regenerative protein profiles in the bile of perfused livers considered suitable for transplantation, providing insight into the mechanisms linked to recovery of the biliary tree following ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Correlations in momentum space between hadrons created by ultrarelativistic proton–proton collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider provide insights into the strong interaction, particularly the short-range dynamics of hyperons—baryons that contain strange quarks.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate is challenging due to the trade-off between a high magnetic field and safety concern of local specific absorption rate. Here, the authors demonstrate that a leaky-wave antenna design can reduce local heating due to non-resonant radiation.

Overcrowded alkene-based motors are made part of the crystalline structure of a metal–organic framework. It is shown that they retain the same rotatory speed and unidirectionality as in solution.

Preclinical evidence suggests that a fasting mimicking diet (FMD) can make cancer cells more vulnerable to chemotherapy, while protecting normal cells. In this randomized phase II clinical trial of 131 patients with HER2 negative early stage breast cancer, the authors demonstrate that FMD is safe and enhances the effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on radiological and pathological tumor response.

Samuli Ripatti and colleagues report the results of a genome-wide association study for circulating lipid levels based on 1000 Genomes Project imputation. Their results implicate several new loci, refine the association signals at many established loci and highlight the impact of low-frequency variants on lipid traits.

Characterization of a new human XPF mutation (XFE) that leads to profound DNA intrastrand crosslink sensitivity and progeroid symptoms is reported, indicating that the accumulation of DNA damage induces a metabolic response aimed at extending life span rather than maintaining growth.