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Phylogenomic analysis of 7,923 angiosperm species using a standardized set of 353 nuclear genes produced an angiosperm tree of life dated with 200 fossil calibrations, providing key insights into evolutionary relationships and diversification.

Pangenome analyses of 133 wild accessions of the model bryophyte Marchantia polymorpha identify adaptive features and provide insights into the mechanisms of plant adaptation to the terrestrial environment.

Soapwort (Saponaria officinalis) is a rich reservoir of triterpenoid glycosides that often have important pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and agronomical potential. Here, the authors elucidate the complete biosynthetic pathway of saponarioside B, a major saponin constituent in soapwort.

The haplotype-resolved genome in Amborella trichopoda addresses outstanding questions on the structure and gene content of the recently evolved ZW sex chromosomes.

The One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative provides a robust phylogenomic framework for examining green plant evolution that comprises the transcriptomes and genomes of diverse species of green plants.

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a metabolic adaptation of photosynthesis that enhances water use efficiency. Here, via genomic analysis of Kalanchoë, the authors provide evidence for convergent evolution of protein sequence and temporal gene expression underpinning the multiple independent emergences of CAM.

The genome of the model fern species Ceratopteris richardii reveals a history of remarkably dynamic genome evolution, including rapid changes in genome content and structure following the most recent whole-genome duplication approximately 60 million years ago.

Many island plant species share a syndrome of characteristic phenotype and life history. Cerca et al. find the genomic basis of the plant island syndrome in one of Darwin’s giant daisies, while separating ancestral genomes in a chromosome-resolved polyploid assembly.

A high-quality reference genome of the stout camphor tree reveals its genome evolution and supports that magnoliid and eudicot lineages share more common ancestry relative to monocots.

Ray Ming, Robert Paull, Qingyi Yu and colleagues report the genome sequences of two cultivated pineapple varieties and one wild pineapple relative. Their analysis supports the use of the pineapple as a reference genome for monocot comparative genomics and provides insight into the evolution of crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis.

A high-quality genome of Aristolochia fimbriata illuminates its unique history of whole-genome duplication similar to Amborella, the genomic basis of its complex flower morphology and chemical biosynthesis, and the phylogenetic placement of magnoliids.

Several models have been proposed to explain the emergence of sex chromosomes. Here, through comparative genomics and mutant analysis, Harkess et al. show that linked but separate genes on the Y chromosome are responsible for sex determination in Asparagus, supporting a two-gene model for sex chromosome evolution.

Fossil calibrations, a relative clade age calibration (informed by horizontal gene transfer) and new phylogenomic methods for mapping gene family origins resolve tracheophytes (vascular plants) and bryophytes (non-vascular plants) as monophyletic sister groups that diverged during the Cambrian, 515–494 million years ago. The early evolution of both groups, but particularly that of bryophytes, was characterized by major gene content change.

Mosses are a highly diverse lineage of land plants. Here, the authors provide a detailed phylogeny of 29 orders of moss, using nuclear and organelle data to provide robust hypotheses for most of the ordinal moss relationships.

The Minimum Information for Biological and Biomedical Investigations (MIBBI) project aims to foster the coordinated development of minimum-information checklists and provide a resource for those exploring the range of extant checklists.