Observations that CTLA4 has a key role in regulating immune responses mediated via T cells have led to therapeutic approaches targeting this inhibitory pathway for tumor immunotherapy. It is possible that combining anti-CTLA4 antibodies with a vaccine may help to direct immune responses toward target antigens, enhancing clinical efficacy and perhaps reducing treatment-related adverse effects. These theories have been tested in clinical trials in patients with advanced prostate cancer, as discussed in this Viewpoint.
- James L Gulley
- William L Dahut